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58 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

1) Learn from Nature


2) Study the Past


3) Be a Person of Action

How can we become independent thinkers? (Emerson)

1) Living closer to nature


2) Dignity of manual labour


3) The need for intellectual companions and interests


4) The need for spiritual living


5) Relationship with God - personal matter


6) The essential divinity of man

6 of 12 Characteristics of Transcendentalism_1

7) One great brotherhood


8) Self-trust and self-reliance


9) Democracy and individualism


10) Reform


11) Complete break from tradition and custom


12) Knowledge through intuition

6 of 12 Characteristics of Transcendentalism_2

Another name for God; it can be found in us but also in nature.


A supreme reality or mind; the spiritual unity of all being.

What's Oversoul?

To illustrate the benefits of a simplified lifestyle.

What was the moral of Thoreau's experiment?

The inner being, the sef that will experience spiritual rebirth and growth at Walden Pond.

What's the primary subject of "Walden?"

1855

When were "Leaves of Grass" published?

Being equal to everybody, but at the same time divine as a poet.

What's "democratic romanticism?" (poet)

Whitman says that he sings himself but assumes that all selves are (or can be) the same as his.


Everyone is unique and separate, but at the same time, equal or even the same as everybody else.

What's the paradox of identity? (In Whitman's works)

Rapid and violent climax. E.A.Poe.

What's denouement? Name?

Inability to see that evil is present in the world and affects people.

What's "American innocence?"

1) has no past


2) nobody shaped him


3) an individual standing alone


4) self-reliant


5) hero of the new adventure


6) self-propelling


7) ready to confront everything with his own sense of morality


R.W. Lewis

An American Adam is an individual who... (7 traits + name of the critic who came up with the name)

The "Lost Generation" was the generation that came of age during World War I. The term was popularized by Ernest Hemingway, who used it as one of two contrasting epigraphs for his novel, The Sun Also Rises.

What's the "Lost Generation?" Who popularized this term?

1) Ernest Hemingway


2) Gertrude Stein


3) F. Scott Fitzgerald


4) T.S. Eliot

4 names associated with the Lost Generation

1) William Faulkner (1949)


2) Ernest Hemingway (1954)


3) John Steinbeck (1962)


4) Toni Morrison (1993)

4 American writers who won the Nobel Prize in literature

Local color or regional literature is fiction and poetry that focuses on the characters, dialect, customs, topography, and other features particular to a specific region. Influenced by Southwestern and Down East humor, between the Civil War and the end of the nineteenth century this mode of writing became dominant in American literature.

Local Color Fiction

Imagism was a movement in early 20th-century Anglo-American poetry that favored precision of imagery and clear, sharp language.


Rejection of using images as ornaments to "decorate" writing and make poem sound smarter. Images were the highest form of speech, not just decoration.

What's imagism?

Tales which show thinking process; detective stories.

What are the tales or ratiocination?

Belief that America is special. Emerson.

What is Manifest Destiny? Name?

Cultural movement; an individual could go beyond material sphere. All individuals are divine.

What's Transcendentalism?

Story whose overall plot is concerned with putting the protagonist through a particular sort of experience - initiation into sth for which his/her previous experience had not prepared him/her.

What is an initiation story?

People who are fully or partially descended from white European colonial settlers.

Who are Creoles?

Rejection of the idea that the function of thought is to describe, represent, or mirror reality. Instead, thought considered to be a product of the interaction and environment. Function of thought - an instrument for prediction, action and problem solving.

What is pragmatism?

Term popularized by Henry James; a feminist ideal that emerged in the late nineteenth century. Woman depicted exerting her autonomy in various aspects of one's life.

What's The New Woman? Who popularized this term?

1) East Egg


2) West Egg


3) Valley of Ashes


4) Mid West

4 placed described in "The Great Gatsby"

William Carlos Williams


1) "Tract"


2) "The Young Housewife"


3) "This is Just to Say"

Which poet was observing what Ezra Pound was doing in Europe? (+3 titles of his works)

A blossoming of African American culture, particularly in the creative arts, and the most influential movement in African American literary history. Embracing literary, musical, theatrical, and visual arts, participants sought to reconceptualize “the Negro” apart from the white stereotypes that had influenced black peoples’ relationship to their heritage and to each other.

Harlem Renaissance

Langston Hughes


1) "The Negro Speaks of Rivers"


2) "Sylvester's Dying Bed"

The poet associated with Harlem Renaissance (+2 titles)

William Faulkner

Who was the first one to write about the Modern South?

Post-World War I school of Anglo-American literary critical theory that insisted on the intrinsic value of a work of art and focused attention on the individual work alone as an independent unit of meaning. It was opposed to the critical practice of bringing historical or biographical data to bear on the interpretation of a work.

What's New Criticism?

"Skunk Hour"

What's the title of Robert Lowell's poem dedicated to Elizabeth Bishop?

"The Instruction Manual"

What's the title of John Ashbery's poem?

Frank O'Hara; "A Step Away From Them"
Who wrote "Lunch poems?" An example of a poem.

Breezy tone, containing spontaneous reactions to things happening in the moment. Many of them appear to have been written on O'Hara's lunch hour. Numerous references to pop culture and literary figures, New York locations, and O'Hara's friends. One common theme is a desire for personal connection, whether the one on one connection of two friends or two lovers or a broader connection to strangers, in the face of tragedy, for example.

Characteristics of lunchtime poetry

"Diving Into the Wreck"

Title of Adrienne Rich's poem.

1) Allen Ginsberg


2) Jack Kerouac


3) William S. Burroughs


4) Gary Snyder

4 names connected with the Beat Generation

1) formless


2) colloquial


3) influenced by drugs


4) celebrating sexuality (homosexuality too)


5) unafraid of obscenities


6) importance of Nature

6 characteristics of the Beats

Enumerating people from various backgrounds; no hierarchy, putting prostitutes next to the president.

What's with Whitman's catalogues?

Pynchon, Faulkner, Mamet

3 writers and the importance of language

The Gilded Age in United States history is the late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900. The term was coined by writer Mark Twain in The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today (1873), which satirized an era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold gilding.

What's Gilded Age?

1) didn't concentrate on the relationship with nature


2) questioning the conventions


3) realistic setting, doesn't beautify


4) character was more important than action


5) novel as a burgeois genre


6) language sensitivity


7) rejection of absolute truths, relative morality

7 features of American realism

We are not who we want to be, we are like the environment we live in.


Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer

What's determinism? (+2 names)

1) Stephen Crane "The Blue Hotel"


2) Frank Norris "The Octopus"


3) Jack London "White Fang"


4) Theodore Dreiser "An American Tragedy"

4 American Naturalists (+titles)

"Poetry" Magazine (1912)

What and when started the modernist poetry revolution in the U.S.?

1) The change of subjects in poetry


2) Breaking up the structural continuity


3) Radical renewal of language


4) Substitution of the traditional meter with blank verse

Modernist revolution in poetry (4 traits)

Leslie Fiedler

Who wrote "An End to Innocence?" (1955)

1) war


2) existentialism


3) rise of ethnic fiction ("hyphenated identity")


4) Beat Generation (50s)
5) realism (50s, 60s, 70s)

Characteristics of post-1945 fiction in the U.S. (5)

Norman Mailer


1) "The Naked and the Dead"


2) "Why Are We in Vietnam?"

Literature and war (name+2 titles)

Saul Bellow


1) "Dangling Man"

Existentialism in literature (name+title)

1) perspectivism


2) impressionism/psychological reality


3) time as interior


4) emphasis on language/experimentation/form


5) non-linearity


6) ambiguous endings

Key concepts of modernism (6)

Henry James

Who said that "The quality of our individual consciousness - HOW we know - is more important than the inventory of WHAT is out there to be known" (cf.epistemology)

- decay


- atmosphere


- unreliable narrator

3 features of Poe's gothicism

Organic whole, every element contributes to it

Henry James' psychological realism

Adventures, episodic structure

Mark Twain's comic/social realism

Kate Chopin, William Faulkner, Mark Twain

Local colour writing (3 writers)
1) "Jazz" by Toni Morrison
2) "Glengarry Glen Ross" by David Mamet
3) "Howl" by Allen Ginsberg
Importance of society in XXth cent.(3 works + names)

Raymond Carver

Which author was associated with minimalism?

Literary minimalism is characterized by an economy with words and a focus on surface description. Minimalist writers eschew adverbs and prefer allowing context to dictate meaning.

What's literary minimalism?