Notes/concepts From Head To Toe

Front 1

What supplies the first part of the duodenum?

Back 1

Arteries that arise from branches of the celiac trunk

Front 2

What is the function of the epiploic foramen of Winslow

Back 2

-fluid flow between hepatorenal pouch and lesser sac
-lesser sac and peritoneal cavity

Front 3

What is the lesser bursa (omental sac)?

Back 3

The lesser bursa/omental sac is behind the lesser omentum and the stomach

Front 4

What is the greater bursa?

Back 4

Everything else besides the lesser bursa from beneath the diaphragm to below the pelvic cavity

Front 5

What are the three large unpaired arteries arising from the abdominal aorta? (look in dissector to see the other ways they grouped the arteries)

Back 5

The groups are:
large paired
large unpaired
what else

Front 6

How many neurons are in a circuit of the autonomic ns?

Back 6

1st neuron - preganglionic begins in CNS
2nd neuron - postganglionic begins in PNS in a ganglion

Front 7

What is important to know about white rami and grey rami in terms of myelination?

Back 7

White are more heavily myelinated whereas gray are unmyelinated/lightly myelinated

Front 8

What is important to know about white/grey rami in terms of position?

Back 8

White rami are more laterally positioned, grey rami are more medially positioned

Front 9

What is the path of preganglionic cells (beg to sympathetic chain ganglion)?

Back 9

1) Start out with their cell bodies in the interomediolateral cell column of T1-L2
2) leave through the ventral root
3) leave the spinal nerve through the white communicating rami
4) from white communicating rami go to sympathetic chain ganglion

Front 10

What is the role of the white communicating rami?

Back 10

They get preganglionics from the spinal nerve to the sympathetic ganglion

Front 11

What is the role of the grey communicating rami?

Back 11

They get the postganglionics from the sympathetic chain ganglia to the spinal nerve

Front 12

What is the difference between white and grey communicating rami in terms of position?

Back 12

White rami are more lateral, gray rami are more medial

Front 13

Where can you find white rami?

Back 13

T1-L2/L3

Front 14

Where can you find grey rami?

Back 14

at every spinal level

Front 15

Where are post ganglionic cell bodies located?

Back 15

Sympathetic chain ganglia

Front 16

Which spinal nerve levels have gray rami only?

Back 16

C1-C8
L3-L5
S1-S5

Front 17

Which system provides splanchnic nerves? What is the exception?

Back 17

Splanchnic nerves are sympathetic in all cases except for pelvic splanchnic nerves

Front 18

What is the lymphatic drainage system of the lower limb?

Back 18

Superficial inguinal-->deep inguinal --> external iliac nodes (deep inguinal drains into external iliac) or (starting from internal iliac nodes)--> common iliac nodes --> lumbar nodes --> Cisterna chyli --> thoracic duct

Front 19

What are the lymph drainages analogous to? (How can you tell where the lymph will drain?)

Back 19

It seems like they are named after the arteries that supply them

Front 20

How would prostate lymph drain?

Back 20

External/internal iliac --> common iliac --> lumbar --> cisterna chyli --> thoracic duct

Front 21

Where are the ovaries located in terms of the broad ligament?

Back 21

In the mesovarium which is a part of the broad ligament. It is located on the posterior-superior surface of the broad ligament

Front 22

What is the mesosalpinx?

Back 22

The portion of the broad ligament enveloping the uterine tube

Front 23

What is derived from the gubernaculumm connecting the ovary to uterus?

Back 23

Ligament of the ovary
round ligament

Front 24

What holds vessels going from the uterus to the ovary?

Back 24

Ligament of the ovary

Front 25

What is the continuation of the gubernaculum to the labia majora?

Back 25

round ligament of the uterus

Front 26

Is the uterine/fallopian tube the same thing?

Back 26

No. The fallopian tube is different from the ligament of the ovary but the fallopian tube meets up to connect with the ovary

Front 27

What is more superior the fallopian tube or the ligament of the ovary?

Back 27

fallopian tube

Front 28

Is the processus vaginalis resorbed between the superficial and deep inguinal ring and the testes?

Back 28

Yes.

Front 29

The structures of the abdominal wall below relate to what structures in the scrotum and spermatic cord:
skin and subcutaneous connective tissue

Back 29

Scrotal skin and dartos tunic

Front 30

The structures of the abdominal wall below relate to what structures in the scrotum and spermatic cord:
External abdominal oblique

Back 30

External spermatic fascia

Front 31

The structures of the abdominal wall below relate to what structures in the scrotum and spermatic cord:

Internal abdominal oblique

Back 31

middle spermatic fascia and cremaster muscle

Front 32

The structures of the abdominal wall below relate to what structures in the scrotum and spermatic cord:
transversus abdominus muscle

Back 32

does not contribute a layer in the spermatic cord

Front 33

The structures of the abdominal wall below relate to what structures in the scrotum and spermatic cord:
Transversalis fascia

Back 33

internal spermatic fascia

Front 34

The structures of the abdominal wall below relate to what structures in the scrotum and spermatic cord:
Peritoneum

Back 34

Tunica vaginalis both parietal anv visceral

Front 35

What two layers of scrotum lie distal to the site of a vasectomy/would not need to be incised?

Back 35

Tunica vaginalis- parietal and visceral because these are both layers of the testes

Front 36

The inferior epigastric vessels run in which inguinal ring?

Back 36

The superficial inguinal ring

Front 37

What forms the superficial inguinal ring?

Back 37

External abdominal oblique aponeurosis

Front 38

What are the upper, lower lateral, upper medial borders of the superficial inguinal ring?

Back 38

upper - external abdominal oblique
lower lateral - lateral crus of the superficial inguinal ring
upper medial - medial crus of the superficial inguinal ring

Front 39

What is the relationship of the deep inguinal ring to the inferior epigastric?

Back 39

Deep inguinal ring is lateral to inferior epigastric

Front 40

What passes through the deep inguinal ring?

Back 40

The spermatic cord

Front 41

Inferior epigastric is a branch of what artery?

Back 41

Exterior iliac

Front 42

What are the borders of the inguinal triangle (Hasselbach's triangle)? Medial

Back 42

Lateral border of rectus abdominus

Front 43

What are the borders of the inguinal triangle (Hasselbach's triangle)? Lateral

Back 43

The inferior epigastric vessels/lateral umbilical fold

Front 44

What is in the lateral umbilical fold

Back 44

Inferior epigastric vessels

Front 45

What is another name for the Inguinal Triangle/Hasselbach's triangle

Back 45

Medial umbical fossa (between median umbilical fold and lateral umbilical fold

Front 46

What is the relationship between the epigastric vessels/lateral umbilical fold and direct versus indirect hernias

Back 46

The direct inguinal hernia passes medial to the lateral umbilical fold/inferior epigastric vessels and in the inguinal triangle whereas the indirect hernias pass lateral to the lateral umbilical fold/epigastrics

Front 47

Where do indirect inguinal hernias pass?

Back 47

In the lateral umbilical fossa and then through the deep inguinal ring

Front 48

Where do direct inguinal hernias pass?

Back 48

In the medial umbilical fossa and then through the superficial inguinal ring

Front 49

What is the order of the posterior abdominal wall folds and fossa starting at the middle and going lateral

Back 49

Median umbilical fold
Supravesiclular fossa
Medial umbilical fold
Medial umbilical fossa
Lateral umbilical fold/inferior epigastrics
Lateral umbilical fossa

Front 50

What used to be in the median umbilical fold?

Back 50

Urachus/allantonic duct

Front 51

What used to be in the medial umbilical folds

Back 51

Obliterated umbilical arteries

Front 52

What is a criteria for the path of an indirect inguinal hernia?

Back 52

1)It has to pass through the inguinal canal
2) it has to pass through the lateral umbilical fossa/lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

Front 53

Which structures pass through the superficial inguinal ring?

Back 53

Ilioinguinal
Genital branch of genitofemoral
Round ligament of the uterus
Cremaster muscle in males

Front 54

Which structures in the region DO NOT pass through the superficial inguinal ring

Back 54

Femoral branch of genitofermoral nerve
Iliohypogastric
Spermatic cord

Front 55

Please match the nerve from its root in the lumbar plexus? Subcostal

Back 55

T12

Front 56

Please match the nerve from its root in the lumbar plexus? Iliohypogastric

Back 56

T12+ L1

Front 57

Please match the nerve from its root in the lumbar plexus? Ilioinguinal

Back 57

L1

Front 58

Please match the nerve from its root in the lumbar plexus? Lateral femoral cutaneous

Back 58

L2+ L3

Front 59

Please match the nerve from its root in the lumbar plexus? Genitofemoral

Back 59

L1 + L2

Front 60

Please match the nerve from its root in the lumbar plexus? Femoral

Back 60

L2, L3, L4

Front 61

Please match the nerve from its root in the lumbar plexus? Obturator

Back 61

L2, L3, L4

Front 62

What makes up the broad ligament?

Back 62

Perineum that covers the posterior and some of the anterior uterus, fallopian tubes to the lateral abdomen wall

Front 63

Where would we find the cardinal ligament?

Back 63

at the base of the broad ligament, connecting the lateral pelvic wall to the cervical area of the uterus

Front 64

What passes through the cardinal ligament

Back 64

The ureter

Front 65

Where is the arcuate line?

Back 65

Halfway between the umbilicus and pubic symphisis

Front 66

What are the layers above and below the rectus abdominus above the arcuate line?

Back 66

External abdominal oblique fasica
1/2 of internal abdominal oblique fasica (anterior layer)
Rectus abdominis
1/2 of internal oblique fascia (posterior)
transversus abdominis fascia
trasversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fat
Pareital peritoneum

Front 67

What are the layers above and below the rectus abdominus below the arcuate line?

Back 67

External abdominal oblique fascia
anterior and posterior layers of internal abdominal oblique fascia
transversus abdominus fascia
rectus abdominis
transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fat
Perital peritoneum

Front 68

What is the anterior, posterior,superior and inferior borders of the epiplic formen?

Back 68

Anterior - portal vein in free edge of lesser omentum
Posteriorly - Inferior vena cava
Inferiorly - 1st part of duodenum
superiorly - caudate lobe of the liver

Front 69

When you stick your hand through the epiploic foramen/foramen of winslow what can you palpate?

Back 69

The posterior surface of the stomach ie on the side of the lesser curvature where the lesser omentum attaches

Front 70

Where does the small intestine become intraperitoneal?

Back 70

Dudeonojejunal junction