Notes

Front 1

Memories

Back 1

Poem by Carmen Tafolla, washing away memories/ heritage.

Front 2

Borderlands

Back 2

Is that ambiguous emotional space created by the existence of unnatural boundaries. Explained by the book.

Front 3

A Plain Spring Song

Back 3

Poem by Nezahualcoyotl ( was Mexican not necessary Aztec ) the flowers are sent us, we must borrow the flowers because nobody can enjoy them forever. We can find joy and pleasures in life but they are short lived ( Expressing the transience of life).

Front 4

Founding of Chicana/o Studies

Back 4

Started around the 1960s- 70s ( Youth Involvement) . To reclaim heroes and histories,expose the racism and classism of the U.S Institutions. Empowering the Chicana/o community.

Front 5

Olmecas ( 1500 BCE TO 300 BCE)

Back 5

They are considered the Mother of culture of Mesoamerica, known for the colossal sculpture heads, created calendars, ball courts and temples.

Front 6

Toltecas ( 950 CE -1150 CE)

Back 6

Built upon many traditions of the people of Tenochitlan, they to also created ball courts, calendars , and temples. The Mexicas will build on their culture and adopt many of their deities and also create temples..ect.( Toltec come from the Nauatl word referring to a skilled craft-people or artisans, they were great artists, stone mosaics,metal and turquoise ornaments )

Front 7

Mestizaje

Back 7

The blending of three races, indigenous, Spaniards, and black.

Front 8

Racism

Back 8

Racial bias and plus institutional power ( enforcing inequalities).

Front 9

Hispanic/Latina/o,Chicana/o

Back 9

Not every Latino is considered Chicana/o. The term Hispanic tends to be racist in nature because the term did not come from the community itself but rather put upon us. ( Nixion administration in 1970)

Front 10

Nation

Back 10

Place shared culture and shared history.

Front 11

Ethnicity

Back 11

Ethnicity vs race...the difference between the two.

Front 12

Colonization

Back 12

Many have tried to colonize before Hernán Cortés.

Front 13

Cuicacalli ( House of Song's)

Back 13

Secular and sacred songs, ritual dance.

Front 14

Huehuecoyotl

Back 14

Bi-sexual god of the Aztecs

Front 15

Nezahualcoyotl

Back 15

Philosopher king of Texcoco, grandfather had brought literacy to the city-state, complied the code of eighty laws, fed the poor.

Front 16

Aztlán

Back 16

The world for the nahua people, dreamed of / philosophy and place, provided a place of our own

Front 17

Atzec Eagle

Back 17

Richard Chaves created symbol in 1962 (UFW Eagle), After traveling south and the revolution mexico adopted it.

Front 18

Sinao

Back 18

Mexican Indian who resisted arrest, go whipped by Osos, went back into town found man who whipped him and killed him.

Front 19

Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo

& Salvodor Vallejo

Back 19

Was a California Mexican military commander, politician and rancher

Front 20

U.S Invasion ( 1846-1848)

Back 20

Many Califorinios and Mexicanos where displaced, extreme violence against indigenous people. U.S & Mexico went into war with each other.o U.S was fighting for more land and Mexico was fighting to keep their land that was given to them by Spain.o Mexico lost nearly half of its territory Southwest from Texas to California

Front 21

Manifest Destiny

Back 21

The phrase described a Euro-American belief that they were destined, chosen by God, to possess and rule the North American continent. With a name put to the ideology, U.S. politicians used the rhetoric of Manifest Destiny to justify expansion into northern Mexico, and ultimately beyond the continent into the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico

Front 22

Treaty Of Guadlupe Hidalgo

Back 22

Promised the people land, citizen rights, voting rights, civil rights. ( Signed in 1848) It gave U.S 500,000 square miles. Promised civil and property rights to the Mexicans people on the U.S sideo.

Front 23

Gloria Anzaldúa

Back 23

Legacies

- Mestiza Consciousness

- Coatlicue State

- Boarderlands

-Queer Body/Queer Spirito

-Share-cropping/field worker family in South Texas

Front 24

The Sixth Sun

Back 24

The 5th sun is leaving the times of the Aztecs throughout centuries. The 5th sun is what me make out of it, it's up to us.What should this age be, what are you gonna do?

Front 25

Maquiladoras

Back 25

Factories near the boarders.

One fourth of all mexicans worked here mostly all young women. These were mexico's were 2nd greatest source of us dollars . (1987, 1088 pesos was worth 1 dollar in the U.S)

Front 26

Shadow Beast

Back 26

An inner sense of self-will( voice). It often takes the form of stubborness or rebelliousness.

Front 27

Coatlicue

Back 27

Goddess of life and death, both creator and destroyer.Is the name of a Mesoamerican goddess who was often associated with creation and with snakes.

Front 28

Coatlicue State

Back 28

Is the period in time in which one is becoming more isolated, void of distractions and becoming more knowledgeable and conscious. ( Sad)

Front 29

Chicano Spanish

Back 29

Chicano Spanish is a border tongue which developed naturally. Each place has Different forms of Chicano Spanish.Not right or wrong.

Front 30

Black and Red Ink

Back 30

Underpainting red earth, black earth

Front 31

In Xóchitl in Cuícatla

Back 31

Goddess of love and flowers, poems and songs, necklaces of flowers. “Flowery death: death in battle” ; “ Human heart: Flower of God” they speak the truth in poetry.

Front 32

Primary Labor Sector

Back 32

These were jobs all people wanted, with degrees and skills were recognized with these jobs (1930)

Front 33

Secondary Labor Sector

Back 33

These were the dead end jobs, with no degree, and no skills were recognized. Usually the people of color (mexicans, chicanos) got these jobs. (1930)

Front 34

Emma Tenayuca

Back 34

Co-founder of Workers alliance, protested border patrol abuses and deportations, fought for minimum wage, and equal rights for immigrant workers. She graduated HS during the U.S. depression. Participated in the Finck Cigar Strike and got arrested.Tenayuca, she joined the party because no one else but the communists expressed any interest in helping San Antonio's dispossessed

Front 35

Mutualista

Back 35

U.S Invasion dealing with violence and discrimination, individuals and families had burial and health insurance to provide for the community, provided economic security and support cultural pride.(1930-1970) Political leadership.

Front 36

Magonista

Back 36

Anarchists, workers were in charge of their own work unions, Teneyuca would listen to them riot.

Front 37

Red Baiting

Back 37

Accusing people of being communists

Front 38

UCAPAWA

Back 38

United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing, and Allied Workers of America

Front 39

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

Back 39

Organized factories and industrial workers (workers in the secondary labor sector) they wrote nondiscrimination clauses into its founding document, discouraging racial discrimination in their unions.

Front 40

Fink Cigar Strike

Back 40

San Antonio women cigar workers w Fink Cigar Company, demanding increased pay, better working conditions, and union recognition. ( Emma Tenayuca joined and got arrested)

NRA's discriminatory wage rates and bad working conditions, which gained the strikers an arbitration

Front 41

Pecan Sheller's strike

Back 41

January 31, 1938, between 6,000 and 8,000 workers small pecan-shelling plants walked out to protest a pay cut, bad working conditions, and the illegal homework. The walkout shut down the plants so that fewer than a 1,000 workers showed up for work. Link 1000 picketers were tear gassed, the union won the fight and workers for a week and then companies were shut down instead of raising the wages.

Front 42

Tonantzin ( Our Lady Guadalpue)

Back 42

Used in marches as a symbol of liberation, transculturation, control women's sexuality.

Ester Hernandez- defending women's rights

Yolanda Lopez- the role of women

Alma Lopez - not to shame our bodies as women

Front 43

La llorona

Back 43

Aztec Omen, saving children from colonization, ability to give and destroy life. alurista, “ must be the season of the witch”

Front 44

Don Marina

Back 44

Came from a noble family, was sold to merchants from her father because he wanted a son who could inherit the office and survived, she was an Indian woman given to Cortes who later became his wife, and translator

Front 45

Transculturation

Back 45

Merging and converting cultures, “ colonized or marginal groups pull what is useful or mandatory from the dominant group, and mold it with their own. (EX: day of the dead, long month celebration to honor the dead )

Front 46

La Facultad

Back 46

A survival tactic developed by those who have suffered and experienced oppression; ability to capture danger, a threat. Able to see one's surroundings differently with a new awareness

Front 47

OSOS

Back 47

Who participated in the U.S.Invasion. In Northern Alta Californiathe Invasion began with the Bear Flag incident.

1841, caravan of over 48 wagons arrives.

Front 48

Californios/ianas

Back 48

Mestizo peoples and people of Spanishdescent who were born and raised in California in the late eighteenth and earlynineteenth centuries.

Front 49

John Sutter

Back 49

Became a citizen but had no allegiance to Mexico. Encouraged immigration and exploited indigenous communities. Build a fort, exploited natives...

Front 50

Sem Yeto

Back 50

Native American that left for Alaska ( Was an Alli to Vallejo)

Front 51

John Fremont

Back 51

Started an unofficial uprising and had established the short-lived Bear Flag Republic.

Front 52

The Kelsey Brothers

Back 52

Attempted to murder Salvador, murder indigenous men and women. Pomo peoples retaliate.

Front 53

Fall of Tenochitlan

Back 53

1521 Tencohitlan was the capital of the Aztec Empire. The Spanish and the conquistador Hernan Cortes fought the Aztecs. The alliance with Texcoco helped the Spanish defeat the Aztecs. Also small pox,many people died, weak military . The fall of Tenochitlan was the fall of Aztec Empire.

Front 54

Tenochitlan ( 600 ce.e)

Back 54

The Aztecs called it "the place of the Gods."

Front 55

1910

Back 55

Mexican Revolution