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179 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What dental care is provided aboard ship by the HM?
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Only emergency basic dental care.
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Where can you find the standard dental abbreviations used to record entries in the patient's dental record?
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In MANMED, chapter 6, article 115,
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What is an abscess?
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A localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by dis-integrating tissues in or about the tooth.
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What is the alveolar bone?
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A thin layer of bone making up the bony processes of the maxilla and mandible, and surrounding
and containing the teeth |
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What is the apical foramen?
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An apperature at or near the apex of the root of a tooth, through which blood vessels and nerves supplying the pulp pass.
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What word's used pertaining to or directed toward the cheek?
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Buccal
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What is buccal vestibule?
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The area between the cheeks and the teeth and gingivae.
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What is the cementum?
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The bone like connective tissue covering the root of a tooth and assisting in tooth support.
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What is cervix?
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The neck of the tooth
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What is the crown?
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The portion of a tooth covered by enamel.
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What is dentin?
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The Chief hard tissue of the tooth; it surrounds the tooth pulp and is covered by enamel on the crown and by cementum on the root.
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What is enamel?
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The white, compact, and very hard substance that covers and protects the dentin of the crown of a tooth.
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What is eugenol?
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A colorless or pale yellow, oily liquid. obtained from oil of clove and other natural sources.
(Used as a topical analgesic and antiseptic and is used in combination with zinc oxide as a sedative dressing in a tooth.) |
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What is gingivae?
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The gums; the mucous membrane, with the supporting fibrous tissue, which overlies the alveolar bone encircles the necks of the teeth.
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What is gingival sulcus?
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A furrow surrounding a tooth, bounded internally by the tooth surface and externally by the epithelium lining the free gingivae
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What is interdental papilla?
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The triangular pad of gingival tissue filling the space between the proximal surfaces of two adjacent teeth.
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What is mesial?
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Nearer the center line of the dental arch.
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What is necrotizing ulcerative gigivitis?
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Trench mouth., an acute or chronic gingival infection characterized by redness and swelling
by necrosis extending from their interdental papillae along the gingival margins, and by pain, hemorrhage and a necrotic odor. |
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What is occlusal?
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A term applied to the chewing surface of premolars and molars?
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What is pericoronitis?
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Inflammation of the gingiva surrounding the crown of a partially erupted or unerupted molar
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What is the periodontal ligament?
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A modified periosteum consisting of collagenous connective tissue fibers that connect the tooth to the alveolar bone.
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What is periodontitis?
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An inflammatory reaction of the periodontium, usually resulting from the extension of gingival inflammation into the periodontium.
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What is periodontium?
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The tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth
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What is scaling?
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The removal of calculus from the exposed tooth surfaces.
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What is yarnish?
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A solution of rosin, or resin, or of several resins in a suitable solvent or solvents, applied to protect pulp.
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What is encompassed with dental anatomy?
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The external form and appearance of the teeth.
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What js encompassed With dental histology?
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Studies the tissue and internal structure of the teeth, along with the tissues that surround and support them.
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Structurally, where are the four different tissues that compose the teeth?
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Enamel dentin, cementum, and pulp.
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What is the calcified substance that covers the entire crown of the tooth?
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Enamel (It is formed only once and cannot regenerate or repair itself.)
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What is the light yellow substance that makes Up the bulk of the tooth?
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Dentin (Unlike enamel dentin continues to form throughout the life of the tooth.)
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What is the name for the point at which the dentin and the enamel meet?
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The detinoenamel junction
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What tissue forms a protective layer over the root portion of the dentin?
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Cementum
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What is periodontium?
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The tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth
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What is the main function of cemuntum?
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To anchor the tooth to the socket by attaching to the principle fibers of the periodontal ligament.
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What are the two parts of the pulp cavity?
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The pulp chamber and the roof, or pulp canal
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What is a most important function of the pulp?
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To form dentin
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What tissues surround and support the teeth?
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The cementum, the alveolar process, the periodontal ligament, and the gingivae
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What is the portion of the maxillae and mandible that forms and supports the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth?
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The alveolar process
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What are the two parts of the alveolar process?
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The alveolar bone proper and the supporting alveolar bone.
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What composes the periodontal ligament?
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Hundreds of tissues fibers that, except at the apical foramen, completely surround the tooth root.
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What are the soft tissues that cover the alveolar process and surround the necks of the teeth?
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The gingivae (They consist of an outer layer of epithelium and an inner layer of connective tissue.)
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What is the appearance of healthy gingivae?
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Pink, firm, and resilient with a stippled appearance. (Stippling referes to the "orange peel" texture of the healthy tissue.)
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What is accomplished before performing an oral examination?
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Review the patient's medical and dental history.
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Hos is the starting point of an oral examination determined?
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It is a judgement made by the individual performing the exam.
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What is indicated by a depth in excess of 3 mm of the periodontal sulcus around the teeth, especially if bleeding accompanies gently probling?
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Periodontal disease
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Who decides if an anesthetic is given when placing a dressing on a exposed vital pulp?
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You (Corpsman) and the Patient.
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What is evaluated if the chief complaint is a periodontal problem?
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The color, contour, and uniformity of the gingivae
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How can most teeth in the maxillary arch be effectively anesthetized?
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By injecting 2 mg of anesthetic solution in the loose tissue just above the tooth.
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What is the maximum needle penetration of the mucosa when anesthetizing the mandibular arch?
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No more than 5 to 6 mm to approximate the apex of the root of the tooth.
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How may some lower front teeth anesthetized?
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By an infiltration injection, but the lower posterior teeth will generally require nerve block anesthesia.
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What is the most commonly used anesthetic for dental injections?
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Lidocain (HCL) or Xylocaine in a 2% aqeuos solution. (Xyocaine with 1:100k Epinephrine may be used to prolong the anesthetic effect)
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What is the maximum safe does of Xylocain, for an adult?
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300 mg
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What is the most common cause of dental caries?
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Bacterial plaque
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What is indicated when.a patient points to healthy. tooth and complains that it aches?
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Referred pain
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What instruments are used to examine a patient for caries?
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A mouth mirror, an explorer, cotton forceps, and a spoon excavator.
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How is the depth of the caries determined?
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Remove loose debris from the cavity by using the spoon excavator. Never scrap from the interior of the tooth
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What is used to place a temporary filling zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) into a cavity?
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A Woodson No.2 or 3 plastic instrument
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What is acute pulpitis?
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A severe inflammation of the tooth pulp.
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What type of abscess usually results from an infection of the tooth pulp?
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A periapical abscess
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What is the treatment for a periapical abscess?
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Drain the abscess
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What is the most commonly used anesthetic for dental injections?
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Lidocain (HCL) or Xylocaine in a 2% aqeuos solution. (Xyocaine with 1:100k Epinephrine may be used to prolong the anesthetic effect)
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What is the maximum safe does of Xylocain, for an adult?
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300 mg
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What is the most common cause of dental caries?
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Bacterial plaque
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What is indicated when.a patient points to healthy. tooth and complains that it aches?
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Referred pain
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What instruments are used to examine a patient for caries?
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A mouth mirror, an explorer, cotton forceps, and a spoon excavator.
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How is the depth of the caries determined?
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Remove loose debris from the cavity by using the spoon excavator. Never scrap from the interior of the tooth
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What is used to place a temporary filling zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) into a cavity?
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A Woodson No.2 or 3 plastic instrument
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What is acute pulpitis?
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A severe inflammation of the tooth pulp.
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What type of abscess usually results from an infection of the tooth pulp?
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A periapical abscess
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What is the treatment for a periapical abscess?
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Drain the abscess
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What gypsum product is used to produce a good cast from an impression?
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Hydrocal (dental stone).
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What comparison would postmortem and antemortem radiographs show if the difference is explained by the
continued treatment and no absolute inconsistency is present? |
Relative discrepancy.
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What comparison would be shown if a significant difference between restorations or teeth in the antemortem and postmortem radiographs arc presented that arc not explainable by continued treatment?
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Absolute inconsistency.
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Who performs the same tasks as the operations chief during a mass casualty operation?
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The dental team leader.
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Who controls and protects all dental evidence flowing through the dental area during a mass casualty operation?
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The dental registrar
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Why are problems with access to dental structures routinely encountered in individuals killed by fire?
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Because of the loss of flexibility of the muscle fibers as they are cooked in the extreme heat
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What does CAPMI stand for?
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Computer Assisted Postmortem Identification.
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What amount of x-ray badges are needed when treating up to 50 casualties?
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9
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What amount of 35mm cameras are needed when treating up to 50 casualties?
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one
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What amount of security badges are needed when treating up to SO casualties?
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15
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What amount of fiberoptic lights are needed when treating up to 50 casualties?
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one
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What is the priority category for treatment eligibility for active duty family members?
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2
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What is the priority category for treatment eligibility for members of the uniformed services on active duty?
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1A
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What are the four processes of the maxilla?
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Zygomatic, frontal. alveolar and palatine
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Where are the maxillary sinuses located?
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Above the roots of the upper teeth and below the floor of the orbits.
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What L-shaped bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate and the floor of the nose?
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The palatine bones
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What "cheek bones" help to form the sides and Door of the orbits?
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The zygomatic bones (zygoma, malar bone).
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What are the smallest and most fragile of the cranial bones?
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The lacrimal bones.
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What bones make up the bridge of the nose?
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The nasal bones.
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What bones support the mucus membranes within the nasal cavity?
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The inferior nasal conchae
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What bone connects with the eJhmoid bone to form the nasal septum?
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The vomer bone.
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What is the medical name for the chin?
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The mental protuberance.
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What is the mental foramen?
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Located on the facial surfaces of the mandible on both the right and left sides, just below the second premolars, it contains the mental nerve and blood vessels
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Where is an anesthetic commonly injected to block the nerve impulses and make the teeth on that side numb?
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The mandibular foramen.
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What cheek muscle holds food in contact with the teeth when chewing (and assists in blowing air out of the
mouth)? |
The buccinator.
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What is the mucosa?
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The moist inner lining of the side walls of the mouth.
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What anchors the tongue in the midline to the Door of the mouth?
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The lingual frenulum.
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What are the rough projections on the surface of the tongue?
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Papillae.
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What muscles form the floor of the mouth?
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The mylohyoid muscles
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What are the irregular ridges or folds that are located behind the central incisors
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Rugae
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What are the functions of the three major salivary glands?
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To keep the lining of the mouth moist, and to bond with food particles creating a lubricant effect that assists in the swallowing process of food, and to act as a cleaning agent to wash away food particles that accumulate on the teeth and in the mouth
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What amount of saliva is produced daily?
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Two to three pints (1,500 ml).
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What are the three major salivary glands?
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The sublingual, submandibular, and the parotid
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Where is the sublingual salivary gland located?
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On each side underneath the tongue, in the floor of the mouth.
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Where is the submandibular salivary gland located
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Posterior portion of the mandible, lingual to mandibular incisors
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Where is the parotid salivary gland located?
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Inside the cheek, opposite the maxillary second molar
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What are the three phases of tooth formation (odontogenesis phase)?
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Growth, calcification, and eruption
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Usually, when does dental development begin?
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In the fifth or sixth week of prenatal life.
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What is the dental lamina?
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A horse-shoe shaped band of thickening epithelium cells which occurs along the ridge of the developing jaws.
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When do the tooth buds for the primary teeth develop?
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As soon as the dental lamina is formed
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When are the tooth buds formed for permanent teeth?
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Between the 17th week of fetal life through the age of 5 years
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What is the proliferation stage of the dental development growth period?
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The cap stage
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What occurs during the cap stage of the dental development growth period?
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The cells of the tooth grow and tooth bud takes a hollowed cap-like shape
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What is histodifferentiation?
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The last period of dental development growth, also known as the bell stage
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During what dental development growth period do the ameloblast cells form the enamel, odontoblast cells form the dentin, and the cementoblast cells form the cementum?
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The bell stage
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What is morphodifferentiation?
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The process through which a tooth begins to take shape and form when in the bell stage
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What is apposition?
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The term used.to refer to the depositing of the matrix for the hard dental structures.
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What is meant by calcification?
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The process by which organic tissue (the matrix formed during apposition) becomes hardened by a deposit of calcium of any mineral salts
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When does the root of a tooth begin to develop?
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After the crown of the tooth has formed
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When will permanent teeth emerge after crown development?
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About three years
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What is exfoliation (or shedding)?
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The process where primary teeth get ready to fall out and make way for the eruption of permanent teeth
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What are the two parts of a tooth?
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The crown and one or more roots
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What are the two parts of the crown?
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The anatomic crown and clinical crown.
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What portion of a tooth is encased in enamel?
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The anatomical crown
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What part of a tooth crown is exposed in the mouth?
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The clinical crown
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What is furcation?
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The region where the roots separate when teeth have more than one root.
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What is the apical foramen of a tooth?
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A small opening on the apex of each root that allows for the passage of blood vessels and nerves into the tooth
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What is the cervix (or cervical line) of a tooth?
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It is a slight indentation that encircles the tooth and marks the junction of the crown with the root
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What is the junction of a tooth where the cementum joins the enamel?
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The cementoenamel junction or cervical line
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What calcified substance protects the dentin and covers the entire anatomic crown of a tooth?
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Enamel.
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What is the composition of tooth enamel?
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Approximately 96% inorganic minerals, 1% organic materials, and 3% water
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What materials are dentin made of?
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70% inorganic matter, and 30% organic matter and water.
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What are the major inorganic components of tooth enamel?
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Calcium and phosphorus (as hydroxyapatite).
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What epithelial cells make up tooth enamel?
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Ameloblasts.
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What makes up the largest part of a tooth?
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Dentin.
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What materials are dentin made of?
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70% inorganic matter, and 30% organic matter and water
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What is cementum?
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Bonelike tissue that covers the roots of the teeth in a thin layer.
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What is the main purpose of cementum?
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To anchor the teeth to the bony walls of the tooth sockets in the periodontium.
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What is dental pulp?
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The soft tissue of the tooth, which develops from the connective tissue of the dental papilla.
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What is the chief purpose of dental pulp?
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The formation of the dentin
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What tissues surround and support the teeth?
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The periodontium
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What is the chief purpose of the periodontium?
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To support, protect, and provide nourishment to the teeth,
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What is the only tissue that is considered as both a basic part of the tooth and a component of the periodontium?
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Cementum
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When does cementum form?
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Continually during the development of the root and throughout the life of the tooth
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What is the bony portion of the maxilla and mandible where the teeth are embedded and by which tooth roots are supported?
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The alveolar process
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Where is the alveolar socket located?
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It's the cavity within the alveolar process in which the root of the tooth is held by the periodontal ligament
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What is the interdental septum?
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The bone that divides one socket from another
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What Joins the facial and lingual cortical plates and is the highest point of the alveolar ridge
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The alveolar crest
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What does the trabecular bone appear when viewed by a radiograph
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A web-like appearance
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What is the lamina dura?
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A horseshoe shape white line on a dental radiograph that roughly corresponds to the alveolar bone proper
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What ligament Is used to suspend a tooth in its socket?
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The periodontal ligament
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What is the first step in tooth decay?
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Decalcification.
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What causes decalcification (first step in tooth decay) of the tooth enamel?
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Bacterial plaque
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How do dental caries first appear on tooth enamel?
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As a chalky white spot on the enamel
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What is an incipient lesion on a tooth?
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A carious lesion that has not progressed past the decalcification stage
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What results when a dental explorer is passed over or in an area that has active decay?
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It will sink in
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What results when a dental explorer is passed over or in an area in which dental caries have been arrested?
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It will feel hard to the touch.
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What dental procedure would be necessary if dental caries were to spread through the dentin into the pulp of the tooth?
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A root canal (endodontic treatment).
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What are recurrent caries?
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Decay processes that occur underneath existing dental restorations
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What causes recurrent caries?
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Improper cavity preparation
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What is pulposis?
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Any disease involving the dental pulp
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What is pulpalpalgia?
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Pain in the dental pulp.
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When does pulpalgia usually occur?
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After a restoration has been placed in a tooth
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What is pulpitis?
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An inflammation of the dental pulp
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What results when pulp has become inflamed and a small pus-like abscess forms in the pulpal canal?
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A periapical abscess
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What is the result of an untreated periapical abscess?
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Bone loss around the apex of the tooth.
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What is fistula?
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The course that the abscess of pus follows from the apex, into the jaw bone, and then drains into the mouth
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What is candidiasis?
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A fungal infection of the mouth, usually red or white in color
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What is hairy leukoplakia?
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A viral infection, whose lesions appear as white and slightly raised on the tongue
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What is Kaposi's sarcoma?
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Cancerous, dark bluish-purple lesions that involve blood vessels.
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What are the two types of neoplasms?
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Benign tumors (not life threatening) and malignant tumors (life threatening if left untreated)
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Wbat is referred pain?
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When pain from an affected tooth manifests in a healthy, noninvolved tooth.
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What is the most frequent cause of severe tooth pain?
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Acute pulpitis.
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What is extensive vestibular or facial swelling?
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Cellulitis.
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What is a gumboil?
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Swelling that is confined to a small area at the site of a sinus tract
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When should the dentist treat an emergency care patient with NUG?
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When the patient has an elevated temperature of 101f or above
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What signs Will you observe for a patient with periodontitis?
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Heavy plaque and calculus deposits; gingival inflammation, bleeding, or discoloration; localized or generalized
gingival bleeding; ulcerated or cratered papilla; and tooth mobility |
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How do you anesthetize maxillary teeth?
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Infiltration
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What is the most effective way to anesthetize the mandibular teeth?
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A block.
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