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179 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What dental care is provided aboard ship by the HM?
Only emergency basic dental care.
Where can you find the standard dental abbreviations used to record entries in the patient's dental record?
In MANMED, chapter 6, article 115,
What is an abscess?
A localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by dis-integrating tissues in or about the tooth.
What is the alveolar bone?
A thin layer of bone making up the bony processes of the maxilla and mandible, and surrounding
and containing the teeth
What is the apical foramen?
An apperature at or near the apex of the root of a tooth, through which blood vessels and nerves supplying the pulp pass.
What word's used pertaining to or directed toward the cheek?
Buccal
What is buccal vestibule?
The area between the cheeks and the teeth and gingivae.
What is the cementum?
The bone like connective tissue covering the root of a tooth and assisting in tooth support.
What is cervix?
The neck of the tooth
What is the crown?
The portion of a tooth covered by enamel.
What is dentin?
The Chief hard tissue of the tooth; it surrounds the tooth pulp and is covered by enamel on the crown and by cementum on the root.
What is enamel?
The white, compact, and very hard substance that covers and protects the dentin of the crown of a tooth.
What is eugenol?
A colorless or pale yellow, oily liquid. obtained from oil of clove and other natural sources.
(Used as a topical analgesic and antiseptic and is used in combination with zinc oxide as a sedative dressing
in a tooth.)
What is gingivae?
The gums; the mucous membrane, with the supporting fibrous tissue, which overlies the alveolar bone encircles the necks of the teeth.
What is gingival sulcus?
A furrow surrounding a tooth, bounded internally by the tooth surface and externally by the epithelium lining the free gingivae
What is interdental papilla?
The triangular pad of gingival tissue filling the space between the proximal surfaces of two adjacent teeth.
What is mesial?
Nearer the center line of the dental arch.
What is necrotizing ulcerative gigivitis?
Trench mouth., an acute or chronic gingival infection characterized by redness and swelling
by necrosis extending from their interdental papillae along the gingival margins, and by pain, hemorrhage and a necrotic odor.
What is occlusal?
A term applied to the chewing surface of premolars and molars?
What is pericoronitis?
Inflammation of the gingiva surrounding the crown of a partially erupted or unerupted molar
What is the periodontal ligament?
A modified periosteum consisting of collagenous connective tissue fibers that connect the tooth to the alveolar bone.
What is periodontitis?
An inflammatory reaction of the periodontium, usually resulting from the extension of gingival inflammation into the periodontium.
What is periodontium?
The tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth
What is scaling?
The removal of calculus from the exposed tooth surfaces.
What is yarnish?
A solution of rosin, or resin, or of several resins in a suitable solvent or solvents, applied to protect pulp.
What is encompassed with dental anatomy?
The external form and appearance of the teeth.
What js encompassed With dental histology?
Studies the tissue and internal structure of the teeth, along with the tissues that surround and support them.
Structurally, where are the four different tissues that compose the teeth?
Enamel dentin, cementum, and pulp.
What is the calcified substance that covers the entire crown of the tooth?
Enamel (It is formed only once and cannot regenerate or repair itself.)
What is the light yellow substance that makes Up the bulk of the tooth?
Dentin (Unlike enamel dentin continues to form throughout the life of the tooth.)
What is the name for the point at which the dentin and the enamel meet?
The detinoenamel junction
What tissue forms a protective layer over the root portion of the dentin?
Cementum
What is periodontium?
The tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth
What is the main function of cemuntum?
To anchor the tooth to the socket by attaching to the principle fibers of the periodontal ligament.
What are the two parts of the pulp cavity?
The pulp chamber and the roof, or pulp canal
What is a most important function of the pulp?
To form dentin
What tissues surround and support the teeth?
The cementum, the alveolar process, the periodontal ligament, and the gingivae
What is the portion of the maxillae and mandible that forms and supports the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth?
The alveolar process
What are the two parts of the alveolar process?
The alveolar bone proper and the supporting alveolar bone.
What composes the periodontal ligament?
Hundreds of tissues fibers that, except at the apical foramen, completely surround the tooth root.
What are the soft tissues that cover the alveolar process and surround the necks of the teeth?
The gingivae (They consist of an outer layer of epithelium and an inner layer of connective tissue.)
What is the appearance of healthy gingivae?
Pink, firm, and resilient with a stippled appearance. (Stippling referes to the "orange peel" texture of the healthy tissue.)
What is accomplished before performing an oral examination?
Review the patient's medical and dental history.
Hos is the starting point of an oral examination determined?
It is a judgement made by the individual performing the exam.
What is indicated by a depth in excess of 3 mm of the periodontal sulcus around the teeth, especially if bleeding accompanies gently probling?
Periodontal disease
Who decides if an anesthetic is given when placing a dressing on a exposed vital pulp?
You (Corpsman) and the Patient.
What is evaluated if the chief complaint is a periodontal problem?
The color, contour, and uniformity of the gingivae
How can most teeth in the maxillary arch be effectively anesthetized?
By injecting 2 mg of anesthetic solution in the loose tissue just above the tooth.
What is the maximum needle penetration of the mucosa when anesthetizing the mandibular arch?
No more than 5 to 6 mm to approximate the apex of the root of the tooth.
How may some lower front teeth anesthetized?
By an infiltration injection, but the lower posterior teeth will generally require nerve block anesthesia.
What is the most commonly used anesthetic for dental injections?
Lidocain (HCL) or Xylocaine in a 2% aqeuos solution. (Xyocaine with 1:100k Epinephrine may be used to prolong the anesthetic effect)
What is the maximum safe does of Xylocain, for an adult?
300 mg
What is the most common cause of dental caries?
Bacterial plaque
What is indicated when.a patient points to healthy. tooth and complains that it aches?
Referred pain
What instruments are used to examine a patient for caries?
A mouth mirror, an explorer, cotton forceps, and a spoon excavator.
How is the depth of the caries determined?
Remove loose debris from the cavity by using the spoon excavator. Never scrap from the interior of the tooth
What is used to place a temporary filling zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) into a cavity?
A Woodson No.2 or 3 plastic instrument
What is acute pulpitis?
A severe inflammation of the tooth pulp.
What type of abscess usually results from an infection of the tooth pulp?
A periapical abscess
What is the treatment for a periapical abscess?
Drain the abscess
What is the most commonly used anesthetic for dental injections?
Lidocain (HCL) or Xylocaine in a 2% aqeuos solution. (Xyocaine with 1:100k Epinephrine may be used to prolong the anesthetic effect)
What is the maximum safe does of Xylocain, for an adult?
300 mg
What is the most common cause of dental caries?
Bacterial plaque
What is indicated when.a patient points to healthy. tooth and complains that it aches?
Referred pain
What instruments are used to examine a patient for caries?
A mouth mirror, an explorer, cotton forceps, and a spoon excavator.
How is the depth of the caries determined?
Remove loose debris from the cavity by using the spoon excavator. Never scrap from the interior of the tooth
What is used to place a temporary filling zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) into a cavity?
A Woodson No.2 or 3 plastic instrument
What is acute pulpitis?
A severe inflammation of the tooth pulp.
What type of abscess usually results from an infection of the tooth pulp?
A periapical abscess
What is the treatment for a periapical abscess?
Drain the abscess
What gypsum product is used to produce a good cast from an impression?
Hydrocal (dental stone).
What comparison would postmortem and antemortem radiographs show if the difference is explained by the
continued treatment and no absolute inconsistency is present?
Relative discrepancy.
What comparison would be shown if a significant difference between restorations or teeth in the antemortem and postmortem radiographs arc presented that arc not explainable by continued treatment?
Absolute inconsistency.
Who performs the same tasks as the operations chief during a mass casualty operation?
The dental team leader.
Who controls and protects all dental evidence flowing through the dental area during a mass casualty operation?
The dental registrar
Why are problems with access to dental structures routinely encountered in individuals killed by fire?
Because of the loss of flexibility of the muscle fibers as they are cooked in the extreme heat
What does CAPMI stand for?
Computer Assisted Postmortem Identification.
What amount of x-ray badges are needed when treating up to 50 casualties?
9
What amount of 35mm cameras are needed when treating up to 50 casualties?
one
What amount of security badges are needed when treating up to SO casualties?
15
What amount of fiberoptic lights are needed when treating up to 50 casualties?
one
What is the priority category for treatment eligibility for active duty family members?
2
What is the priority category for treatment eligibility for members of the uniformed services on active duty?
1A
What are the four processes of the maxilla?
Zygomatic, frontal. alveolar and palatine
Where are the maxillary sinuses located?
Above the roots of the upper teeth and below the floor of the orbits.
What L-shaped bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate and the floor of the nose?
The palatine bones
What "cheek bones" help to form the sides and Door of the orbits?
The zygomatic bones (zygoma, malar bone).
What are the smallest and most fragile of the cranial bones?
The lacrimal bones.
What bones make up the bridge of the nose?
The nasal bones.
What bones support the mucus membranes within the nasal cavity?
The inferior nasal conchae
What bone connects with the eJhmoid bone to form the nasal septum?
The vomer bone.
What is the medical name for the chin?
The mental protuberance.
What is the mental foramen?
Located on the facial surfaces of the mandible on both the right and left sides, just below the second premolars, it contains the mental nerve and blood vessels
Where is an anesthetic commonly injected to block the nerve impulses and make the teeth on that side numb?
The mandibular foramen.
What cheek muscle holds food in contact with the teeth when chewing (and assists in blowing air out of the
mouth)?
The buccinator.
What is the mucosa?
The moist inner lining of the side walls of the mouth.
What anchors the tongue in the midline to the Door of the mouth?
The lingual frenulum.
What are the rough projections on the surface of the tongue?
Papillae.
What muscles form the floor of the mouth?
The mylohyoid muscles
What are the irregular ridges or folds that are located behind the central incisors
Rugae
What are the functions of the three major salivary glands?
To keep the lining of the mouth moist, and to bond with food particles creating a lubricant effect that assists in the swallowing process of food, and to act as a cleaning agent to wash away food particles that accumulate on the teeth and in the mouth
What amount of saliva is produced daily?
Two to three pints (1,500 ml).
What are the three major salivary glands?
The sublingual, submandibular, and the parotid
Where is the sublingual salivary gland located?
On each side underneath the tongue, in the floor of the mouth.
Where is the submandibular salivary gland located
Posterior portion of the mandible, lingual to mandibular incisors
Where is the parotid salivary gland located?
Inside the cheek, opposite the maxillary second molar
What are the three phases of tooth formation (odontogenesis phase)?
Growth, calcification, and eruption
Usually, when does dental development begin?
In the fifth or sixth week of prenatal life.
What is the dental lamina?
A horse-shoe shaped band of thickening epithelium cells which occurs along the ridge of the developing jaws.
When do the tooth buds for the primary teeth develop?
As soon as the dental lamina is formed
When are the tooth buds formed for permanent teeth?
Between the 17th week of fetal life through the age of 5 years
What is the proliferation stage of the dental development growth period?
The cap stage
What occurs during the cap stage of the dental development growth period?
The cells of the tooth grow and tooth bud takes a hollowed cap-like shape
What is histodifferentiation?
The last period of dental development growth, also known as the bell stage
During what dental development growth period do the ameloblast cells form the enamel, odontoblast cells form the dentin, and the cementoblast cells form the cementum?
The bell stage
What is morphodifferentiation?
The process through which a tooth begins to take shape and form when in the bell stage
What is apposition?
The term used.to refer to the depositing of the matrix for the hard dental structures.
What is meant by calcification?
The process by which organic tissue (the matrix formed during apposition) becomes hardened by a deposit of calcium of any mineral salts
When does the root of a tooth begin to develop?
After the crown of the tooth has formed
When will permanent teeth emerge after crown development?
About three years
What is exfoliation (or shedding)?
The process where primary teeth get ready to fall out and make way for the eruption of permanent teeth
What are the two parts of a tooth?
The crown and one or more roots
What are the two parts of the crown?
The anatomic crown and clinical crown.
What portion of a tooth is encased in enamel?
The anatomical crown
What part of a tooth crown is exposed in the mouth?
The clinical crown
What is furcation?
The region where the roots separate when teeth have more than one root.
What is the apical foramen of a tooth?
A small opening on the apex of each root that allows for the passage of blood vessels and nerves into the tooth
What is the cervix (or cervical line) of a tooth?
It is a slight indentation that encircles the tooth and marks the junction of the crown with the root
What is the junction of a tooth where the cementum joins the enamel?
The cementoenamel junction or cervical line
What calcified substance protects the dentin and covers the entire anatomic crown of a tooth?
Enamel.
What is the composition of tooth enamel?
Approximately 96% inorganic minerals, 1% organic materials, and 3% water
What materials are dentin made of?
70% inorganic matter, and 30% organic matter and water.
What are the major inorganic components of tooth enamel?
Calcium and phosphorus (as hydroxyapatite).
What epithelial cells make up tooth enamel?
Ameloblasts.
What makes up the largest part of a tooth?
Dentin.
What materials are dentin made of?
70% inorganic matter, and 30% organic matter and water
What is cementum?
Bonelike tissue that covers the roots of the teeth in a thin layer.
What is the main purpose of cementum?
To anchor the teeth to the bony walls of the tooth sockets in the periodontium.
What is dental pulp?
The soft tissue of the tooth, which develops from the connective tissue of the dental papilla.
What is the chief purpose of dental pulp?
The formation of the dentin
What tissues surround and support the teeth?
The periodontium
What is the chief purpose of the periodontium?
To support, protect, and provide nourishment to the teeth,
What is the only tissue that is considered as both a basic part of the tooth and a component of the periodontium?
Cementum
When does cementum form?
Continually during the development of the root and throughout the life of the tooth
What is the bony portion of the maxilla and mandible where the teeth are embedded and by which tooth roots are supported?
The alveolar process
Where is the alveolar socket located?
It's the cavity within the alveolar process in which the root of the tooth is held by the periodontal ligament
What is the interdental septum?
The bone that divides one socket from another
What Joins the facial and lingual cortical plates and is the highest point of the alveolar ridge
The alveolar crest
What does the trabecular bone appear when viewed by a radiograph
A web-like appearance
What is the lamina dura?
A horseshoe shape white line on a dental radiograph that roughly corresponds to the alveolar bone proper
What ligament Is used to suspend a tooth in its socket?
The periodontal ligament
What is the first step in tooth decay?
Decalcification.
What causes decalcification (first step in tooth decay) of the tooth enamel?
Bacterial plaque
How do dental caries first appear on tooth enamel?
As a chalky white spot on the enamel
What is an incipient lesion on a tooth?
A carious lesion that has not progressed past the decalcification stage
What results when a dental explorer is passed over or in an area that has active decay?
It will sink in
What results when a dental explorer is passed over or in an area in which dental caries have been arrested?
It will feel hard to the touch.
What dental procedure would be necessary if dental caries were to spread through the dentin into the pulp of the tooth?
A root canal (endodontic treatment).
What are recurrent caries?
Decay processes that occur underneath existing dental restorations
What causes recurrent caries?
Improper cavity preparation
What is pulposis?
Any disease involving the dental pulp
What is pulpalpalgia?
Pain in the dental pulp.
When does pulpalgia usually occur?
After a restoration has been placed in a tooth
What is pulpitis?
An inflammation of the dental pulp
What results when pulp has become inflamed and a small pus-like abscess forms in the pulpal canal?
A periapical abscess
What is the result of an untreated periapical abscess?
Bone loss around the apex of the tooth.
What is fistula?
The course that the abscess of pus follows from the apex, into the jaw bone, and then drains into the mouth
What is candidiasis?
A fungal infection of the mouth, usually red or white in color
What is hairy leukoplakia?
A viral infection, whose lesions appear as white and slightly raised on the tongue
What is Kaposi's sarcoma?
Cancerous, dark bluish-purple lesions that involve blood vessels.
What are the two types of neoplasms?
Benign tumors (not life threatening) and malignant tumors (life threatening if left untreated)
Wbat is referred pain?
When pain from an affected tooth manifests in a healthy, noninvolved tooth.
What is the most frequent cause of severe tooth pain?
Acute pulpitis.
What is extensive vestibular or facial swelling?
Cellulitis.
What is a gumboil?
Swelling that is confined to a small area at the site of a sinus tract
When should the dentist treat an emergency care patient with NUG?
When the patient has an elevated temperature of 101f or above
What signs Will you observe for a patient with periodontitis?
Heavy plaque and calculus deposits; gingival inflammation, bleeding, or discoloration; localized or generalized
gingival bleeding; ulcerated or cratered papilla; and tooth mobility
How do you anesthetize maxillary teeth?
Infiltration
What is the most effective way to anesthetize the mandibular teeth?
A block.