North American Politics

Front 1

4 political institutions

Back 1

-government

-political parties

-interest groups

-media

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4 ideological foundations

Back 2

-american exceptionalism

-american essentialism

-paradox of universalist nationalism

-civil nationalism vs ethnic nationalism

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american essentialism

Back 3

a conservative philosophy that basically states that every american concept is good

Front 4

paradox of universalist nationalism

Back 4

not wanting to sign treaties in fear that itll interfere with US morals but still playing police on other countries

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civil nationalism vs ethnic nationalism

Back 5

talks about the concept of america being founded under w.a.s.p culture and that lasting until today

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2 influential philosophers in american politics

Back 6

john locke

montesqueiue

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what document did john locke influence

Back 7

the declaration of independence

Front 8

what 4 concepts were borrowed from john locke

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-natural rights

-social contract theory

-limited government

-religious liberty/ separation of church and state

Front 9

what are natural rights

Back 9

life

liberty

prosperity

Front 10

social contract theory

Back 10

peoples moral and political obligation are dependent upon a contract/agreement influences and guided by the society they live in

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what document did montesquieu influence

Back 11

the constitution

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trias politica

Back 12

separation of powers

Front 13

what concept was borrowed from montesquieu

Back 13

separation of powers (trias politica)

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what was the constitution shaped by

Back 14

political tenions

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6 checks and balances

Back 15

-bill must pass in both houses of congress

-president can veto a bill passed by congress

-congress can overturn a veto with a 2/3 vote

-the supreme court can overturn the president

-the senate has to approve all presidential appointments

-congress can impeach, convict and remove president

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elastic clause is also known as

Back 16

the necessary and proper clause

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elastic clause (necessary and proper clause)

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grants congress power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out enumerated list of power

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2 clauses that barely touch up on slavery in the constitution

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three fifths clause/ compromise

fugitive slave clause

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6 ways in which the president acts as a colegislator

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-recommendations to congress

-veto

-may call extraordinary sessions of congress

-signing statement

-pseudo line item veto

-budget proposal

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3 types of vetos

Back 20

line item veto

pseudo line item veto

pocket veto

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line item veto

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when you veto certain specific parts of a bill but not others. president isnt allowed to do this but governors are

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pseudo line item veto

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when some parts of a bill are enforced earlier than others

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pocket veto

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indirect veto when a president puts off signing a bill until congress is no longer in session

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2 ways in which president acts as a co judiciary

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can grant pardons

appoints federal judges

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rally around the flag

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explains phenomenon of increased short run popular support of president during the war

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war powers resolution

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law intended to check presidents power to commit the USA to a war without congress approval

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bully pulpit

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a public office or position of authority that provides its occupant with an opportunity to speak out on any issue

aa the president

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2 duties that that make the rpesident act as a party leader

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-he can put pressure on congress

-sets party agenda

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4 constitutional limits (checks and balances) on presidential power

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-impeachment

-subject to judicial review

-limited terms

- referalism and state power

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5 political limits on presidential power

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-permanent campaign

-lame duck

-divided government

-public opinion

-specialist advice

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presidential paradox

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president holds a lot of power and takes responsibility for it but the effectiveness of a president lies on how much congress and judges agree with him

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which article in the constitution talks about congress

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article one

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5 traits of a presidential democracy

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-head of state is head of gov

-executive retains independent democratic mandate

-predictable electoral calendar

-strict separation of powers

-gridlock

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conference committee

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for when the house and senate made conflicting amendments of a bill, they meet and modify it.

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3 congressional powers

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-power of the purse

-socioeconomic regulation

-foreign relations and military

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4 ways that congress had powers of the purse

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-taxation

-borrowing (they establish the debt ceiling

-appropriations (budget)

-minting

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congressional oversight

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Oversight of the executive branch and agencies. (congress can use this to ensure that there is a more strict interpretation of a law)

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6 tools of oversight

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-hearings and investigations

-authorization process

-appropriation (budget)

-inspectors and reporting requirements

-governmetn accountable offic

-impeachment and removal

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the great compromise is also known as

Back 39

the connecticut compromise

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the great compromise/ the connecticut compromise

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A compromise that came as a result of the New jersey Plan and the Virginia plan. It established 2 house legislature (upper house and lower house)

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what kind of representation is the house of representatives based on

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proportional representation

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gerrymandering

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manipulating district boundaries to favour a party or class

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cracking

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type of gerrymandering, spreading like minded people in order to dilute their voting power across districts

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packing

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type of gerrymandering, concentrating like minded people in order to reduce their voting power across districts

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two types of gerrymandering

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cracking and packing

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big sort

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self gerrymandering, because people naturally follow like minded people

Front 47

how many senators does each state have

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2

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virtual filibuster

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modern filibuster- essentially means that you now declare a filibuster and pause that topic and move on to another topic

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discretionary review

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gives the supreme court the authority to decide which cases they hear

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rule of four

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if 4 of the judges want to hear a case, the supreme court must take that case

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circuit split

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when two different federal judges make conflicting judgments on a case. then the supreme court has to look at it

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judicial review

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when the supreme court declares a law unconstitutional. lower courts can no longer enforce it after that

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national supremacy

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federal supreme court can declare state laws as unconstitutional

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marbury vs madison

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first case where a law was declared unconstitutional

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brown vs board of education

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case where it was decided that separate schools are inherently unequal

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roe vs wade

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case that legalized abortion

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citizens united vs FEC

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case that limits the amount of money that organisations can give to political candidates

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affordable care act

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obama care

Front 59

2 sides of judicial philisophy

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-originalism

-living constitution

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judicial restraint

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aka State decisis

supreme court musnt go back on its previous ruling

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two aspects of judicial pragmatism

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doctrinism and balancing

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doctrinism

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interpretation of an old text with gradual movement of society

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living constitution

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a judicial philosophy where they look at the constitution for its legislative context most liberal judges are like this

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originalism

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a judicial philosophy where they read the constitution and interpret it as the people who wrote it would.

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balancing

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a part of living constitution pragmatism which is where they look into existing interpretations of a law

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spoils system

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is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government civil service jobs to its supporters, friends and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party

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machine politics

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where a political party would control a city by using the spoils system/patronage system to ensure that their party would stay in ower

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what ended the spoils system

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the introduction of the civil servant exam

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political engineering

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where bureaucrats set up projects in a way that politicians have no choice but to support them

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revolving door

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concept that describes lobbyists and the fact that theyre usually former politicians who have contacts from their time in office

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PAC

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Political action committee
way for campaigns to get money

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two types of PACS

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connected pac

nonconnected pac

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connected PAC

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associated with an organisation
collects from a limited class

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nonconnected pac

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can collect donations from anyone

can support candidates directly

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superpac

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-can get unlimited donations form individuals or corporations

-cant donate to campaigns directly but can donate on behalf of campaignsp

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phelps vs snyder case

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case with westboro baptist church- decided that you have the right to protest on a sidewalk even if the speech is outrageous

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paradox of public opinion

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nobody actually cares- disinterest among people

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supremacy clause

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clause where federal law always trumps state law

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theories of power

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-liberal theory

-police theory

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nullification crisis

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crisis that arose against a tax resulting in the nullification of a fed law

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dual federalism

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-marble cake federalism

-layer cake federalism

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competitive federalism

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refers to the double battleground of american politics which asks 2 questions

-what policies will be enacted

-what level of government should act

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three types of educational localism

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-financial localism

-political localism

-social localism