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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Bone Marrow?
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Hollow space of bones filled with all blood cell precursors
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Infant bone marrow activity sites
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All over from the skull to their feet
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Adult bone marrow activity sites
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breast bone/sternum, pelvic bone
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What is the trend of cellularity?
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Cellularity decreases by 10% with each decade of life until age 70-80, when cellularity remains at 20-30%
Cellularity= 100-age |
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Normal production of bone marrow
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A. Controlled growth with increase in activity based upon demand (Infection
Low tissue oxygenation) Activity is decreased when demand is met B. Mediated by growth factors |
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An increase in bone marrow production results in an increase of both mature and immature cells T/F
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False!
Increase in production results in greater numbers of mature cells and some young cells, but no immature cells are released |
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Qualitatively what is normal production of bone marrow?
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2.4 x 10 9 white blood cells
1 x 10 10 red blood cells 1.75 x 10 11 platelets |
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Stromal Matrix
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Stromal cells
Adhesion molecules Growth factors |
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Stromal cells
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Fibroblasts
Fat cells Endothelial cells |
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Sites of Hematopoiesis at 6 weeks
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Yolk sac
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Sites of Hematopoiesis from 6-18 weeks
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Liver
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Sites of Hematopoiesis from 18-30 weeks
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Liver and Spleen
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Sites of Hematopoiesis from 30 weeks to birth to 8 weeks old
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Liver, spleen, bone marrow
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Sites of Hematopoiesis from > 10 weeks
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Bone marrow only
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Erythropoiesis
Cell size |
Decareases with maturation
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Erythropoiesis
Nuclei |
Always round
Chromatin condenses with maturation N:C ratio decreases with maturation |
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Erythropoeisis
Cytoplasm |
Basophilia: immaturity
Magenta: as maturation occurs and hemoglobin accumulates No granules |
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What is missing from red cells?
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No nucleus
No cytoplasmic organelles No protein or lipid synthesis No oxidative phosphorylation |
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What is the function of red cells?
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Picks up oxygen from the lungs
Delivers oxygen to the tissues Picks up CO2 from the tissues Delivers CO2 to the lungs |
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What is the shape of red cells, how does this relate to its function?
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bi concave disk
Biconcave disk shape large surface area good for gas exchange Highly deformable; allows changes in size 8 microns in a large vein to 2 microns in a capillary |
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What are the three types of leukocytes?
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granulocytes, lymphocytes, and moncytes
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What are the three types of granulocytes?
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Neutrophils
Eosinophils Basophils |
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What are the three types of lymphocytes?
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T cell (thymus)
B cell Natural killer (NK) cell |
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What are monocytes?
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Tissue macrophages
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What are the stages of erythrocyte development
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Pronormoblast
Basophilic normoblasts polychromatophilic normoblasts Orthochromatophilic normoblasts Reticulocyte |
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What are different names of neutophils?
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Polys
PMN (Polymorphonuclear neutrophil) Seg (segmented neutrophil) |
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What is special about a neutrophil nucleus?
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3 lobes separated by a thread
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What are the maturation stages of a neutrophil?
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myeloblast
promyelocyte myelocyte metamyelocyte band neutrophil |
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What is the function of a neutrophil?
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Granules contain enzymes involved in oxidative and non-oxidative killing of bacteria and fungi
Particularly bacteria |
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What are the neutrophils in the circulating pool?
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these are the cells which are counted in a CBC. these are ready to fight infection
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What are the neutrophils in the marginating pool?
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cells in the circulation but they can not be seen in a peripheral blood count- these are adhered to the sides of the blood vessels- these are waiting for an infection to become demarginated and move into circulation to start fighting the infection
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How do you distinguish eosinphils?
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Have pink granules!!!
Have a bi lobed nucleus |
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What types of a conditions increase the number of eosinophils?
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Bi-lobed nucleus
Eosinophilic granules Parasitic infections Allergic reactions Vasculitis Some hematologic malignancies |
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What are basophils and what do they contain?
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Mast cells
basophilic granules --intensely staining blue granules |
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What types of conditions increase the number of basophils?
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Increased in myeloproliferative disorders
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What do basophils do?
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Release histamine
IgE mediated |
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What are monocytes and how do they fight infection?
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Circulate in the bloodstream for only 24 hours
Then go into tissues to become macrophages Ingest fungi, mycobacteria, and play a role in battling pyogenic bacteria |
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What are the stages of a lymphocyte?
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lymphoblasts
lymphocyte |
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How do you distinguish among the different maturation of a lymphocyte?
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Clusters of Differentiation
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What are the clusters of differentiation of B cell antigens?
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CD10
CD19 CD20 CD79a sIg / |
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What are the clusters of differentiaion of T cells antigens?
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CD3
CD4 CD5 CD7 CD8 |
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What are thr clusters of differentiation of NK cell antigens?
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CD16
CD56 |
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Which cells produce platelets?
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Megakaryocytes
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What are some characteristics of megakaryocytes?
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multinucleated
Largest cells in the body Do not circulate Filtered out by lung microvasculature- they are too big |
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What is the function of the spleen?
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Filters blood
Examines blood cells and destroys injured erythrocytes and cells that have been sensitized by IgG and complement Activates complement Extremely important in helping clear encapsulated organisms from the blood |
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What are teh encapsulated organisms which are cleared away by the spleen?
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria meningitidis |
