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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oral Flora
(gram positive cocci in chains) |
Gram Positive Cocci in Chains
1. Viridans streptococci (endocarditis) 2. S. mutans (dental caries) 3. S. sanguis 4. S. salivarius 5. S. mitis 6. S. sobrinus 7. S. milleri (brain, liver abcesses, bactermia) |
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Oral Flora
(gram positive branching bacilli) |
Gram Positive Branching Bacilli
1. A. viscosus (dental caries) 2. A. israelil (cervicofacial abscess) |
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Oral Flora
(anaerobic gram negative bacilli) |
Anaerobic Gram Negative Bacilli
(gingivitis, periodontitis, lung abscess) 1. Porphyromonas gingivalis (MAJOR AGENT) 2. Prevotella melaninogenicus 3. Fusobacteria |
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Oral Flora
(spirochaete) |
Spirochaete
1. Treponema denticola (gingivitis) |
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Skin Flora
(3 answers) |
Coagulase Negative
1. staphylococci epidermidis Diphtheroids 2. Corynebacterium 3. Propionibacterium acnes |
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Nasopharyngeal Flora
(staphylococci) |
Staphylococci
1. S. epidermidis 2. S. aureus (skin and wound infections, pneumonia, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome) |
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Nasopharyngeal Flora
(streptococci) |
Streptococci
1. S. pyogenes (skin and wound infections, pharyngitis, toxic shock syndrome, pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis) 2. S. pneumoniae (pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis) 3. Viridans streptococci (endocarditis) |
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Nasopharyngeal Flora
(3 answers) |
1. Haemophilus influenzae
(meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis) 2. Neisseria meningitidis (meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia) 3. Moraxella catarrhalis (sinusitis, otitis) |
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Stomach Flora
(curved gram negative rod) |
Curved Gram Negative Rod
1. Helicobacter pylori (gastritis, ulcer) |
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Colon Flora
(most dense and anaerobic dominate) |
most dense site & anaerobic dominate
Anaerobic bacteria 1. Bacteroides fragilis (peritoneal abscesses) 2. Clostridium species (gas gangrene, antibiotic associated colitis) 3. Fusobacteria (abscesses) |
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Colon Flora
(enteric bacteria) |
Enteric Bacteria - family Enterobacteriaceae
(UTI, sepsis, pneumonia) 1. Escherichia coli 2. Enterobacter 3. Proteus 4. Klebsiella |
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Colon Flora
(Enterococcus) |
Enterococcus
(UTI, endocarditis, sepsis) |
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Vaginal Flora
(7 answers) |
1. Lactobacillus crispatus, L. jensenli, others
(peroxide producing strains) 2. Gardnerella vaginalis (vaginosis) Anaerobic Gram Negative Bacilli (3,4,5) 3. Bacteroides 4. Prevotella 5. Porphyromonas (vaginosis, abscesses, PID) 6. Group B Streptococci (neonatal meningitis, sepsis) 7. E. Coli (UTI, neonatal meningitis) |
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Bacterial Vaginosis
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1. whitish gray vaginal discharge
2. bad odor 3. increased pH in vagina 4. KOH added to fluid = fishy 5. wet mount reveals- CLUE cells TREATMENT: metronidazole BID for 7 days or clindamycin COMPLICATIONS: salpingitis, endometritis, PID, premature labor and delivery, low birth weight * Most common vaginal infection PATHOGENESIS: 1. absence of H202 producing Lactobacillus 2. dominance of Garnerella vaginalis 3. overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria |
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Epithelial Defense SKIN
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1. antibacterial secretions
2. fatty acids 3. desquamation (falls off) |
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Epithelial Defenses MUCOSAL
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1. conjunctiva -- lysozyme
(targets bonds b/w sugars of cell wall) 2. mouth and nasopharynx-- normal flora 3. respiratory mucosa -mucocilliary clearance -alvelolar macrophage -secretory IgA |
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Epithelial Defenses GUT
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1. esophagus- peristalsis
2. stomach- acidity 3. small intestine - peristalsis 4. colon - normal flora 5. secretory IgA |
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Epithelial Defenses UROGENITAL
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1. urine flow
2. antimicrobial activity of seminal fluid 3. cilated epithelium of fallopian tubes 4. secretory IgA |
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Vaccine Types
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1. killed - inactivated
(whole bacteria) 2. subunit - acellular (specific factors to elicit immunity) 3. live attenuated (multiple doses maybe required) 4. toxoid (chemically inactived/mutated toxin) |
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Bacterial Strategies Against Phagocytic Cells
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1. inflict damage pre-phagocytosis
2. avoid phagocytosis a. destroy phagocyte b. antiphagocytic surface proteins c. inhibit function by injecting own effectors 3. survive phagocytosis a. escape from phagosome b. prevent lysosomal fusion c. survive in phagolysosome 4. Escape from neutrophil extracellular traps - NETS are dissolved by bacterial DNases |
