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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the myths of nonverbal communication?
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1. all communicatio involves language
2. nv behavior accounts for most communication interaction 3. you can read a person like a book 4. no eye contact- dishonesty 5. nonverbal behavior is universal 6. nv behaviors have universal meanings |
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linguistic distinction
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verbal messages rely on language
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continuity distinction
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verbal messages are discontinuous
1. nv behavior never stops 2. even silent treatment 3. you cannot not communicate 4. a package of stimutaneous messages, not discrete messages from gestures, intonation, facial expressions |
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processing distinction
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verbal messages are processes on the left side of the brain while nv is on teh right- but not proven
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what side is nonverbal communication processed on?
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right side
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outcome distinction
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verbal messages are primarily content and cognitive functions
nonverbal- primarily affective, relational, emotional functions |
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absolute distinctions
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verbal messages- explicit intent or meaning
nonverbal messages- implicit and have questionable meaning |
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what are some cultural considerations?
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1. meanings vary with culture
2. standpoint theory of interpretation |
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what are the functions of nonverbal messages?
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complementing
contradicting regulating repeating substituting |
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What are the appearance messages?
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1. usually first recieved
2. influence if you want to communicate 3. influence how relationships will develop 4. used to make initial judgments 5. judgments may or may not be a good representation of the person |
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what is the purpose of attractiveness?
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1. physical- attractive?
2. social 3. task - work, teammate, etc |
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what are some fashions or fads?
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preferred body type, plastic surgery, undergarments, hair styles, skin color, tattoo, branding
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what are some of the things that come with image fixation and appearance obsession?
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depression, yo-yo dieting, appearance checking, plastic surgery
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what are some stereotypes of attractive people?
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warm, genuine, sincere
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what are some affects of physical appearance?
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educational situations
persuasive situations interview situations dating and marriage |
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What is an example of The Matching Hypothesis?
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Julia Roberts and Lyle Lovett
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Personal Body Concept
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developed through communication with others
influences our communication with others |
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what is the description of an endomorph?
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rounded, oval shape bodies, usually fat, pear shaped
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what is the description of an mesomorph?
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triangular body shape, broad shoulders and tapers at the hips
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what is the description of an ectomorph?
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bony, thin, tall fragile looking, flat chest, underdeveloped muscle tone
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What does Sheldon's system say about endomorphs?
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slow, sociable, emotional, forgiving, relaxed
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What does Sheldon's system say about mesomorphs?
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confident, energetic, dominant, hot tempered
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What does Sheldon's system say about ectomorphs?
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tense, awkward, meticulous, tactful, detached
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what are the the perceptions of endomorphs?
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older, shorter, more warm, more talkative, weaker, lazier
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what are the the perceptions of mesomorphs?
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taller, younger, stronger, masculine, better looking
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what are the the perceptions of ectomorphs?
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tense, nervous, thinner, younger, difficult, stubborn
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what are the purposes of dress?
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1. comfort and protection
2. concealment 3. cultural display 4. personality |
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what is homophily?
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perceived similarity in appearance, background, attitudes, and values
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what can clothing dictate?
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1. rank and status
2. power and success 3. group identity |
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who was the most famous researcher of Kinetics?
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Ekman
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what is idiosyncratic meaning?
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biting finer nails indicates anxiety of some but not all
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what is shared meaning?
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most in a culture or group will understand and identify with the gesture
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what are the 5 gestures and movements?
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1. Illustrators
2. Regulators 3. Affect Displays 4. Adaptors 5. Emblems |
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what are emblems?
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have direct verbal translation
known by most of group and culture can stimulate specific meaning sender purposefully uses emblems often substitutes for spoken words |
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what are illustrators?
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speech linked gestures
usually intentional source's relationship to the referent puncuate, highlight, emhasize |
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what are regulators?
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sighting and orientation
head dip the approach final approach close salutation |
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what are self adaptors?
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an individual manipulates his or her own body protects the individual from others unconscious manipulation of objects
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what are object-focused adaptors?
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unconscious manipulation of objects
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what are alter-directed adaptors?
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protects the individual from others
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what do deception cues depend on?
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depend on the lie, liar, the context, the receiver
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what does Immediacy of posture look like?
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direct body orientation, symmetric positioning, forward leaning
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what does relaxation look like?
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backward leaning, reduced tension in arms and legs, asymmetrical
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what does the general communicator style of Versatility—adapt to the communicative behavior of others assertiveness look like?
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use of control and ability to maintain the interest and attention of listeners
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what does the general communicator style of responsive look like
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emotional, understanding, sensitive, approachable
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what does the general communicator style of versatility look like?
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Versatility—adapt to the communicative behavior of others
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what are some of the importances of facial expression?
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window to the soul.
stereotype personalities based on face manage and regulate interactions influence our communication |
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what is masking?
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repression of the expressions felt: emotional labor
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what is intensification?
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exaggeration
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what is neutralization?
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eliminate expressions of emotion
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what is deintensification?
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reduce the intensity
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the withholder
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seldom have any facial expression
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the revealer
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always show true feelings
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the unwitting expressor
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thinks he or she is masking but is not
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the blanked expressor
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ambiguous or neutral when displaying emotions
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the substitute expressor
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uses one for another
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the frozen-affect expressor
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always has one showing
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Ever-ready expressor
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usually has one initial emotion displayed for every situation
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Flooded-affect expressor
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never appear neutral because one is always showing
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What is the Facial Affect Scoring Technique? (FAST)
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Lower face: cheeks, nose, mouth
Eyes and eyelids Eyebrows and forehead |
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Affect Blends
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showing two or more emotions simultaneously
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Partials
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revealing an emotion in part of the face while controlling the others
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(eye movement) salience
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more obvious than most other bodily motions
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how does eye behavior stimulate arousal?
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it’s virtually impossible to not experience some oculesic arousal when seeing someone
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what is the involvement of eye behavior?
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it’s difficult to establish eye contact with someone and not interact
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what is the first stage of defining and establishing a relationship?
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eye contact is usually the first stage
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mutual gaze
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two looking at one another’s faces
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One-sided look
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unreciprocated glance or gaze from one to another
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Gaze aversion
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typically an intentional act
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Gaze omission
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not an intentional act
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civil inattention
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not an intentional act
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Staring
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long, hard, invasive looks
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Pupil Dilation and Constriction
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Brightness and dimness can affect size
Men’s eyes dilated when viewing women Women’s eyes dilated when viewing men and babies |
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Pupil Dilation
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Larger pupils can be deemed more attractive
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what did Feldman's study say?
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women lied to make others feel better; men lied to make themselves feel better
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Within relationships
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Lower status people receive fewer gazes
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Cultural differences
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Peripheral gazes, duration instead of frequency
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Contextual differences
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Comfort level, persuasive interactions
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Personality differences
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Communication apprehension
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Gender differences
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Women look much more at interactants than do men
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