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33 Cards in this Set
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Retroviruses:
3 major genes? |
Gag (group-specific antigen) -> viral structural proteins;
Pol (polymerase) -> RT and integrase enzymes; Env (envelope) -> viral envelope |
JZWM 2006 sep;37(3):219-33
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Name 6 exogenous simian origin retroviruses of veterinary and public health significance.
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- type D simian retrovirus (SRV, Betaretrovirus)
- gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV, Gammaretrovirus) - simian sarcoma virus (SSV, Gammaretrovirus) - simian (and human) T-lymphotropic virus (STLV, HTLV, Deltaretrovirus) - simian (and human) immunodeficiencyviruses (SIV, HIV, Lentivirus) - simian foamy virus (SFV, Spumavirus) |
JZWM 2006 sep;37(3):219-33
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Veterinary origins of HIV type 1 and 2, and HTLV-1?
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HIV-1: from chimpanzee SIV;
HIV-2: from sooty mangabey SIV; HTLV-1: many primate species STLV-1. (recently also SFV and SRV observed in humans!) |
JZWM 2006 sep;37(3):219-33
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Simian immunodeficiency virus:
* usual pathogenicity in natural host? * which primates are very susceptible SIV to AIDS-like disease? Name the main lesions. |
* natural hosts: lifelong subclinical infection.
* Asian primates, especially macaques: - nonsuppurative histiocytic meningoencephalitis with syncytial giant cells - giant cell interstitial pneumonia - disseminated giant cell disease - if persistent: lymphoproliferative diseases - lymphocytic depletion, immunosuppression, opportunistic infections (cytomegalovirus, Candida, Cryptosporidium). |
JZWM 2006 sep;37(3):219-33
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Type D simian retrovirus (SRV):
Mainly in which primates? Name of simian disease? Name important gross lesions. |
Macaques. Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SAIDS).
- opportunistic infections - cutaneous and retroperitoneal fibromatosis - necrotizing stomatitis with osteomyelitis - lymphadenopathy - splenomegaly - weight loss - thymic atrophy - fibroproliferative disorders |
JZWM 2006 sep;37(3):219-33
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Simian T-lymphotropic virus (STLV):
In which primates? lesions? Implicated in a chronic wasting syndrome in which species? |
Old World primates.
- persistent lymphocytosis - abnormal T-cells - T-cell lymphomas and leukemia - lymphadenopathy - generalized skin lesions - splenomegaly In 3 captive lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) -> chronic wasting syndrome. |
JZWM 2006 sep;37(3):219-33
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Simian foamy virus (SFV):
In which species? |
Many species of mammals, including cats, cattle, horses, hamsters, sheep, sea lions, many Old World and New World monkeys, apes, prosimians.
(Pathogenicity is unclear) |
JZWM 2006 sep;37(3):219-33
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Gibbon ape leukemia virus and simian sarcoma virus:
associated with which lesions? |
- lymphoid and myelogenous malignancies
- osteo-proliferative lesions with marrow infiltration. (White handed gibbon) |
JZWM 2006 sep;37(3):219-33
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Inhalational anthrax infection in the African green monkey:
- frequent gross lesions? - histo? - Are the pathologic changes similar to those in rhesus macaques and humans? |
- hemorrhage and edema lung/mediastinum/mediast.lnn.
- pleural and pericardial effusions - meningitis - G.I. congestion and hemorrhage * necrohemorrhagic lymphadenitis multiple lnn. * mediastinal edema * necrotizing splenitis * meningitis * congestion/hemorrhage/edema lung, mesentery, mesent. lnn., G.I. tract, gonands Changes remarkably similar. NB: AGMs are NOT carriers of B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus)! |
Vet Pathol 44:716-721 (2007)
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Amyloidosis in the common marmoset:
- prevalence? - which type of amyloidosis? - (general) pathogenesis? - which organs? |
- 17 %
- AA or 'secondary' - chronic inflammation cytokines IL-1,Il-6,TNFalpha -> acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) -> AA amyloid (fragment of SAA) NB not associated with other pathologic changes in this study; possibly inherited; useful experimental model. - liver, adrenal glands, kidneys, intestine |
Vet Pathol 42(2)117-124 2005
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Natural Amyloid-Abeta deposits in brain of young common marmosets:
- +/- resembles which human disease? - are sites of deposition specific? - good experimental model? |
Alzheimer's disease.
Lack of precise anatomic sites of plaque deposition, paucity of depositions, diffuse further nature -> poor experimental model. |
Vet Pathol 43:777 (2006)
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Toxoplasmosis in captive New World primates:
- signs? - gross? - histo? |
- death without signs
- malaise - dyspnoea - hypothermia - sero-sanguinous or foamy nasal discharge * pulmonary congestion * pulmonary oedema * splenomegaly * mesenteric lymphadenitis - multifocal necrotic hepatitis - lymphadenitis - interstitial pneumonia - necrotic splenitis |
JCP 129(2-3):196-204 (2003)
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human alpha-herpesvius (= herpes simplex virus):
Pathology in non-human primates? |
Chimpanzees: localized benign infection.
Gorilla, white-handed gibbon, white-faced saki monkey, owl monkey, common marmoset: - gingivitis/stomatitis: vesicular/ulcerative mucocutaneous lesions - histo: meningoencephalitis - +/- disseminated infections with necrotic lesions (digestive tract, lung, liver, adrenal glands) |
Vet Pathol 41(3):302-4 2004
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Alveolar Echinococcosis in cynomolgus monkeys:
etiology? histo features? Final host? Normal intermediate host? |
Echinococcus multilocularis.
Liver consistently affected. Also mesenteric lymph nodes, pancreas, lung, kidney. Patterns: 1. macroph, often multinucl, around intact metacestodes 2. degenerate granulocytes and macroph surrounding collapsed laminated structures 3. cysts surrounded by collagen Type AA amyloid in 9/12 animals. Final: domestic carnivores like dogs. Intermediate: small rodents. Cyst: outer laminated layer, inner germinal layer, protruding budding protoscolices, with hooks, calcareous corpuscules. |
Vet Pathol 41:229-234 (2004)
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Cholelithiasis in non-human primates: is it a common disease?
Name common diseases in Callitrichids. |
Cholelithiasis is uncommon in NHPs. Here: 7 cases.
Callitrichid diseases: - lymphoplasmacytic enterocolitis (idiopathic) - hepatic hemosiderosis - trauma - leptospirosis - bacterial enteritis |
JZWM 37(1) p44-48
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Major extra-uterine pathologic findings in cynomolgus monkeys with uterine infarction?
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- cutaneous or skeletal muscle necrosis
- pulmonary edema or DAD - intestinal amyloidosis 5/9 had intravascular fibrin thrombi in multiple organs consistent with DIC. |
Vet Pathol 44:309 2007
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1. Herpes simplex lesions in Gibbons?
2. H. simplex in Owl monkeys, tamarins, marmosets and tree shrews? 3. Cercopithecine herpesvirus 2 lesions in African green monkey? 4. Human herpesvirus 3 in great apes? 5. beta-herpesviruses in monkeys? 6. Epstein-Barr virus in cotton-top tamarins? |
1. self-limiting vesicles or encephalitis
2. generalized fatal infection 3. myelitis. (=SA8 virus) 4. chicken pox 5. cytomegalic inclusion body disease (usually latent) 6. lymphoma (=human herpesvirus 4) |
CLDavis.org
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Comparison of SIV and SRV type D:
Name differences in pathologic lesions / changes. |
In SIV: selective CD4 loss, P. carinii pneumonia, lymphoma, giant cell lung disease (lung, CNS, ln)
In SRV: retroperitoneal fibromatosis, subcutaneous FSA, myositis. And encephalitis: rare in SRV, yes in SIV. |
CLDavis.org
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Sepsis and pathophysiology of anthrax in a NHP model (Papio c. cynocephalus).
Lesions? Primary target organ? Fatal outcome by what kind of host response? |
- changes in vascular permeability
- DIC - systemic inflammation * lung primary target organ: - serosanguineous pleural effusions - intra-alv edema - hemorrhagic lesions Host septic response dominates fatal outcome. |
AJP 2006 169(2)433
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Circopithecine herpesvirus 1:
- synonyms? - lesions in host species? |
- B virus, monkey B virus, Herpesvirus simiae. alphaherpesvirus.
- Host: macaques. Vesicles->ulcers lips/tongue/buccal mucosa/genital epith/conjunctivitis. Rare disseminated disease: more ulcers, necrosis many internal organs, syncytia, INIB in epith cells. |
Lewis Gross Morbid Anatomy of Pathology of Nonhuman Primates
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Herpes simplex fatal in which species?
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owl monkey, callitrichids.
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Lewis Gross Morbid Anatomy of Pathology of Nonhuman Primates
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Monkeypox: natural host?
Lesions in NHP? |
NOT NHPs! Probably arboreal squirrels.
NHP: ranges from mild cutaneous infection to fatal systemic disease. Raised umbilicated cutaneous pox lesions. Large eo ICIB. |
Lewis Gross Morbid Anatomy of Pathology of Nonhuman Primates
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Shigellosis in NHP?
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G.I. disease, diarhea. Zoonosis. Disease of primates only. Invades, replicates within and ultimately destroys colonic epithelial cells.
Affects cecum and proximal colon. SI is spared. Catarrhal tot mucopurulent to necroulcerative typhlocolitis. |
Lewis Gross Morbid Anatomy of Pathology of Nonhuman Primates
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Streptococcus pneumoniae in NHP?
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Acute septicemic disease. Meningitis, arthritis or pneumonia. Also sudden death.
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Lewis Gross Morbid Anatomy of Pathology of Nonhuman Primates
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Most common clinical problem due to Listeria monocytogenes in NHP?
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Abortion and/or perinatal septicemia. Generally no illness in dams. Advanced autolysis in fetus (in utero death). May see mall foci to abscesses in liver, placenta, other organs.
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Lewis Gross Morbid Anatomy of Pathology of Nonhuman Primates
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Tularemia: lesions in NHP?
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- multifocal necrosis spleen
- necrotizing hemorrhagic pneumonia - multifocal necrosis liver - severe lymphoid necrosis in lymphoid follicles of lymphoid tissues (highly lymphotropic) Generally cannot see bacteria in lesions. |
Lewis Gross Morbid Anatomy of Pathology of Nonhuman Primates
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Sessile to pedunculated polypoid mass in gastric mucosa of NHP, adjacent to pylorus, red threadlike nematode within nodule: etiology? histo?
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Nochthia nochti
(trichostrongyle) Polyps composed of mucus secreting columnar cells, marked mucus neck cell hyperplasia. Nematodes and embryonated ova. (note: Physaloptera sp. is 5x larger than Nochtia and has cockroach as intermediate host). |
Lewis Gross Morbid Anatomy of Pathology of Nonhuman Primates
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Most commonly affected organs in systemic amyloidosis of NHPs?
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SI, liver, spleen.
High correlation with colitis and diarrhea in macaques. |
Lewis Gross Morbid Anatomy of Pathology of Nonhuman Primates
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Most common malignant neoplasm in aged rhesus?
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Intestinal adenocarcinoma.
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Lewis Gross Morbid Anatomy of Pathology of Nonhuman Primates
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Endometriosis: in which NHPs?
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Menstruating (Old World) primates.
Ectopic endometrial tissue which undergoes regular cyclic changes (estrogen/progesterone). |
Lewis Gross Morbid Anatomy of Pathology of Nonhuman Primates
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Reactive arthritis in NHP:
following infections in which organ systems? associated most commonly with which pathogen? |
Enteric and urogenital infections.
Shigella sp. (flexneri?) Reactive arthritis is an inflammatory non infectious arthritis. |
Lewis Gross Morbid Anatomy of Pathology of Nonhuman Primates
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SIV in gorillas:
in which gorilla species? Acquired from which other NHP? Zoonotic? |
Gorilla gorilla gorilla.
This paper: chimp -> Gorilla SIVgor (group O-like) -> Human HIV-1 group O. |
Nature 449, 9 nov 2006 p 164
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Tritrichomonas infection in SIV-infected rhesus macaques:
Stomach lesions? |
1. lymphoplasmacytic gastritis with trophozoites in gastric gland lumens
2. necrosuppurative gastritis with PAS-positive larger protozoa, round to tear-shaped. Most likely Tritrichomonas mobilensis (as it is a lower- and New World primates pathogen). |
Vet Pathol 42:19 2005
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