Nfm120 - Ch 1, 2, 3 Study Guide Exam 1

Front 1

Where are CHO broken down?

Back 1

sm intestine

Front 2

What are CHO broken down into

Back 2

broken down into monosaccharides (glucose)

Front 3

what is the bodies primary source of fuel?

Back 3

glucose

Front 4

Fatty acids are broken down to what?

Back 4

Glycogen

Front 5

Glycogen is stored where?

Back 5

Liver, and smooth muscle cells

Front 6

Where are lipids broken down?

Back 6

small intestine

Front 7

What are proteins broken down as?

Back 7

amino acids and polypeptides

Front 8

where are proteins broken down?

Back 8

sm. intestine

Front 9

What is the rule of thumb for "ideal body weight" for females

Back 9

5' = 100#, each additional inch in ht. add 5 more #'s

Front 10

What is the rule of thumb for "ideal body weight" for males

Back 10

5' = 106#, each additional inch in ht. add 6 more #'s

Front 11

how do you calculate BMI?

Back 11

wt in kG/ht (M)2
so... lbs divided by 2.2/(ht in inches divided by 39.4)2

Front 12

RDA for CHO

Back 12

130 g (45-65%)

Front 13

equation for RDA for protein
RDA % for protein

Back 13

0.8 x wt in kG (10-35%)

Front 14

RDA for lipids

Back 14

20-35% of diet

Front 15

components of a nutritional screening

Back 15

custom designed for a particular population; pregnant women, cardiac disease or diabetic patients

Front 16

when could a nutritional assessment be done

Back 16

intake at a hospital; individual basis.
indepth analysis of a person's nutritional status/habits

Front 17

essential amino acid

Back 17

must be obtained from diet because they cannot be synthesized by humans in adequate amounts

Front 18

nonessential amino acid

Back 18

amino acid that can be made in the body from precursors of other amino acids

Front 19

how many essential amino acids are there?

Back 19

9 essential amino acids

Front 20

how many nonessential amino acids are there?

Back 20

11 nonessential amino acids

Front 21

how does albumin indicate nutritional status?

Back 21

albumin often used to assess protein status

Front 22

When can you see values of albumin "off"

Back 22

due to injury, infection, dehydration, liver disease, renal disease and Congestive heart failure

Front 23

What is not a sensitive indicator for protein malnutrition

Back 23

hypoalbuminemia

Front 24

When does nutritional risk begin with alcohol ingestion?

Back 24

risk begins at more than one drink daily for women and more than two drinks daily for men

Front 25

What type of fiber lowers cholesterol?

Back 25

soluble fiber

Front 26

What can soluble fiber do?

Back 26

can lower serum cholesterol

Front 27

examples of soluble fiber

Back 27

pectin, some hemicelluloses, vegetable gums, psyllium mecilages

Front 28

best sources of soluble fiber

Back 28

dried peas, beans; lentils, oats, certain fruits and vegetables

Front 29

What common cereal could lower cholesterol?

Back 29

Oatmeal

Front 30

what nonnutritive sweetener should someone with PKU avoid

Back 30

aspartame (nutrasweet, equal, spoonful)

Front 31

What does PKU stand for, quick explanation of PKU

Back 31

phenylketonuria; congenital disease caused by a defect in metabolism of phenylalanine (an essential amino acid) that if not treated leads to intellectual impairment

Front 32

why can ingestion of nonnutritive sweeteners actually cause people to increase weight?

Back 32

caloric intake causes weight, not just sugar. some foods with sugar substitutes have increases calories because of other ingredients

Front 33

explain complete protein?

Back 33

provide all 9 essential amino acids in adequate amounts

Front 34

explain incomplete protein?

Back 34

provide all essential amino acids, however one or two present insufficient quantities to support protein synthesis

Front 35

What is the only complete plant protein?

Back 35

Soy protein

Front 36

What is a complementary plant protein?

Back 36

Rice and Beans

Front 37

What do vegan, and all forms of vegetarianism not eat?

Back 37

meat

Front 38

difference between lacto-vegetarian and lacto-ovo-vegetarian?

Back 38

lacto-ovo-vegetarian eats eggs, milk and vegies, where lacto-vegetarian milk plus vegie

Front 39

What might all forms of vegetarianism be lacking in their diet?

Back 39

complete proteins

Front 40

fat that is solid at room temp?

Back 40

saturated fat

Front 41

why is a fat classified as "saturated"

Back 41

holds maximum number of hydrogens possible in their fatty-acid chain

Front 42

example of a saturated fat

Back 42

coconut oil

Front 43

two types of unsaturated fats

Back 43

monosaturated, and polysaturated

Front 44

what form in unsaturated fats hold when at room temp?

Back 44

oil

Front 45

what is the difference between monosaturated and polysaturated fats

Back 45

mono. has only one double bond, where poly. has multiple double hydrogen bonds

Front 46

olive oil is example of what type of fat?

Back 46

monosaturated

Front 47

peanut oil is example of what type of fat?

Back 47

monosaturated

Front 48

avocado is example of what type of fat?

Back 48

monosaturated

Front 49

most nuts are examples of what type of fat?

Back 49

monosaturated

Front 50

fish oil is an example of what type of fat?

Back 50

polysaturated

Front 51

What is "good" cholesterol

Back 51

HDL (high density lipid)

Front 52

if tested, what would be the desire amount of "good" cholesterol in your blood?

Back 52

> 60 mg/dL

Front 53

what is "bad" cholesterol

Back 53

LDL (low density lipid)

Front 54

if tested, what would be the optimal amount of "bad" cholesterol in your blood serum?

Back 54

<100 mg/dL

Front 55

possible side effects for excessive doses of Vitamin A

Back 55

birth defects, irreversible bone and liver damage

Front 56

possible side effects for excessive doses of Vitamin B1

Back 56

deficiencies in B2 and B6

Front 57

possible side effects for excessive doses of Vitamin B6

Back 57

damage to the nervous system

Front 58

possible side effects for excessive doses of vitamin C

Back 58

affects the absorption of copper; diarrhea

Front 59

What are examples of Fat soluble vitamins

Back 59

Vitamin A, D, E, K

Front 60

What are examples of water soluble vitamins

Back 60

Vitamin B (B1/Thiemin, B2/Riboflavin, B3/Niacin, B6, B12, Folic Acid, Vitamin C

Front 61

Deficiencies associated with Vitamin A

Back 61

slow recovery of vision after flashes or bright light (retinal)

Front 62

Deficiencies associated with Vitamin D

Back 62

Rickets (in infants and children) softening of bones,

Front 63

Deficiencies associated with Vitamin E

Back 63

increased RBC hemolysis
in infants, anemia, edema, and skin lesions

Front 64

Deficiencies associated with Vitamin K

Back 64

Hemorrhaging; blood clots

Front 65

Deficiencies associated with Vitamin B1 (thiamin)

Back 65

beriberi (mental confusion, fatigue)

Front 66

Deficiencies associated with Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Back 66

dermatitis, cheilosis, glossitis, photophobia

Front 67

Deficiencies associated with Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Back 67

4 D's (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death)

Front 68

Deficiencies associated with Vitamin B6

Back 68

dermatitis, cheilosis, glossitis, abnormal brain wave patterns

Front 69

Deficiencies associated with Folate Acid (B9)

Back 69

glossitis, diarrhea, depression, fatigue

Front 70

Deficiencies associated with Vitamin B12

Back 70

GI changes, glossitis, anorexia, indigestion, diarrhea/constipation

Front 71

Deficiencies associated with Vitamin C

Back 71

bleeding gums, pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin, scurvy; delayed wound healing,, soft/loose teeth, anemia, depression, hysteria

Front 72

Vitamins which can only be absorbed through the small intestine and in the presence of fat.

Back 72

Fat soluble vitamins

Front 73

vitamins which are not stored in the body and must be replenished on a daily basis.

Back 73

water soluble vitamins

Front 74

where can you get Vitamin D

Back 74

sunlight, cod liver oil, egg yolks, fortified milk

Front 75

where can you get Vitamin K

Back 75

brussels sprouts, broccoli, spinach, looseleaf, lettuce, carrots, green beans, asparagus, eggs

Front 76

Where can you get Vitamin B12

Back 76

animal products, meat, fish, poultry, shell fish, milk, dairy products, eggs

Front 77

where can you get Folate acid

Back 77

liver, spinach, asparagus, dried peas, beans, OJ, breads, cereals

Front 78

what are 8 2functions of water?

Back 78

provides shape and structure to cells
regulates body temperature
aids in the digestion and absorption of nutrients
transports nutrients and o2 to cells
serves as a solvent for vit, min, gluc, amino acids
eliminates waste
compoenent of mucus/lubricating fluids

Front 79

This is not a reliable indictor of fluid needs among what group of people?

Back 79

elderly and children
during hot weather or strenuous excercise

Front 80

how much water do we need per day?

Back 80

men - 3.7 L (3.0 coming from water and other bever, 0.7 from food)
women - 2.7 L (2.2L from water and other bev., 0.5 from food)

Front 81

what are essential minerals of the body?

Back 81

Na, Sk, Cl

Front 82

what is the daily value of Na/day?

Back 82

2300 mg/d