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47 Cards in this Set
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Astroturfing
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Fake "grassroots." Any attempt by an individual or organization to use websites or comments posted to website--published under false or misleading identities--to create an impression of grassroots support for something, usually in the individual's or organization's interest.
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Blog
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Derivative of "weblog." A series of entries to an online journal, posted in some chronological order. Sometimes used, incorrectly, by writers to describe discussion forums or even all websites not affiliated with offline publishers. A blog can be written by an individual or a group. It can allow comments to entries or not.
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Citizen journalism
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AKA "grassroots journalism." The collecting and publication of timely, unique, nonfiction information by individuals without formal journalism training or professional affiliation. Examples include the publication of cell phone photos from a breaking news scene, blog reports covering local government meetings and discussion forums reporting results from international competitions.
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Cookie
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A line of text recorded on a reader's computer when that reader requests content from a specific Web domain, either an entire web page or just an element on a Web page. The cookie includes the name of the domain, a unique visitor number and values for whatever other variables the visited domain wishes to set. The cookie can be read only by a server from the domain the set the cookie. Cookies can be used to track unique visitors to a website, to maintain shopping carts in e-commerce stores and keep visitors logged in to discussion forum and blogs.
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CMS
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Content management system. The computer software, housed on your site's Web server, that manages the publication of content to your website. Popular examples include Blogger, Wordpress, Typepad, Drupal and Geeklog.
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CPM
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Cost per thousand impressions (M being the roman numeral for 1,000). In advertising, the rate than an advertiser will pay a publishers to have his ad displayed on 1,000 page views. Or, the revenue from advertising that a publishers will receive for every 1,000 page views served.
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Crowdsourcing
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A subset of grassroots journalism. A process in which readers submit individual reports that are collected into a larger dataset for use in reporting a story. Examples include damage reports in earthquakes as well as watchdog efforts to track various elected officials' stands on an issue. Also known as "distributed news reporting."
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Hits
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Requests for any single file on a Web server. A hit can be a request for a Web page or any element of that page, such as an image, a stylesheet or an external javascript. Therefore, "hits" is a meaningless statistic for measuring Web traffic. A large number of hits on a website mean that a site uses a lot of images or scripts on its pages, rather than that many people visit the site. "unique visitors" over a defined period should be used to measure a site's popularity instead.
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HTML
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Hypertext markup language. A language in which content is formatted to display as a Web page. It is a subset of XML. Web pages no longer need to be written in HTML. Most modern Web browsers can display an XML document as a Web page if the document's Web server specifies a style sheet for the browser to use when rendering the XML document.
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Open source reporting
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A method in which reporters, or readers working as reporters, make their source list and gathered information public while they are working on their report, instead of merely revealing selected information from their newsgathering available in a traditional report at the conclusion of the project.
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Open Source Reporting
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A method in which reporters, or readers working as reporters, make their source list and gathered information public while thye are working on their report, instead of merely revealing selected information from their news-gathering available in a traditional report at the conclusion of the project.
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Open Source software
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software for which the uncompiled source code of the program is freely available for users to see and modify. Open source software is typically made available to users for free, under the General Public License (GPL)
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PPC
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Pay per click. An advertising system, such as Google's AdWords/AdSense, where advertisers pay publishers each time a ewader clicks on their ads, and only when the ads are clicked on.
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RSS
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A method for syndication website content to another website or online application, such as a news reader. RSS has been described as standing for "rich site summary" or "really simple syndication." it is a text file, marked up in XML, that includes formatted headlines, summaries and URLs for articles, blog entries or discussion topics on a website.
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Shovelware
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Publishing stories from one media, usually a print newspaper, in another, usually a website, without substantially altering the content. Newspaper websites without online original content, such as blogs, midday updates, discussions and video, are derisively called this.
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Sock Puppetry
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An attempt by a Web writer to make a site look more popular that it is by posting comments under multiple aliases. Reference comes from comedians who wear a sock puppet on one hand to carry two sides of a conversation by themselves. Can be considered a form of "astroturfing"
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Style Sheet
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A set of instructions to a Web browser on how to display various elements on a Web page. Style sheets can declare font styles, image positioning, page layout and mouse behavior across a Web page.
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Troll
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A person who posts to an online forum or blog to provoke hostile responses from readers.
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Unique Visitors
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Originally, the number of unique IP addresses from which requests for content were made a Web server over some defined period of time (usually per day, week or month). Due to the use of proxy servers, a more accurate count of unique visitors can be made by setting cookies to each site visitor and recording how many unique cookie identities visited the site over a period.
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XML
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Extensible markup language. A way of organizing text information by labeling it with specified variables in a fixed format.
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Actuality
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Recorded segment of a newsmaker speaking, generally lasting from 10-20 seconds; this is what people outside of radio journalism often call a "sound bite"
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B-roll
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Generic video shot ahead of time, or separately from the action, that can be rolled in any story that is related to the video; for example, a student demo in Theran from December, while anchor reads story about government meeting to discuss what to do about student demos.
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Beeper
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A telephone interview with anchor or reporter, in which only the voice of the interviewee is heard, sometimes accompanied by a still photo of the interviewee or b-roll of the action taking place outside, nearby or recently.
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clock
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Schedule of a broadcast hour, with precise time in minutes and seconds allotted for the various programming segments; for example, a clock might begin "00:00-01:30--news," "1:30-2:30--spots," and so forth; often represented as a pie chart resembling an analog clock.
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Cut
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Tape containing the recording of a voicer, wrap, actuality or nat sound; networks feed this to affiliates via satellite.
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Hourly
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Network newscast beginning at the top of the hour; the cast generally contains a commercial break at two and a half or three minutes past the hour and resumes a minute or a minute and a half later; most of these conclude at five minutes past the hour.
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IQ
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"in cue"--the first words recorded on a cut
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Kicker
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final story of a newscast if it is funny, unusual, poignant or otherwise uplifting.
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lead
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First sentence of a news story, which should concisely reveal the story's basic events and provide an introduction to the details given in the rest of the story.
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Live Shot
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Report introduced by an anchor that has not been recorded but is read live by another journalist, often at a news scene.
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Lockout
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final words of a report spoken by a journalist in which the journalist's name and station call letters or frequency are given, such as "corrie carpenter, 990 News"; often a location is given as well: "in Middleville, Corrie Carpenter, 990 News"
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MOS
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abbreviation for "Man On the Street" interviews; that is, interviews of passers-by chosen at random in a public place and asked their opinions of events or people in the news
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nats or nat sound or raw sound
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"raw sound" is recorded sound that is not of a newsmaker speaking, such as the sound of an airplane landing or a marching band playing or a crowd cheering; sometimes known as "natural sound" or "nat sound," especially when the source of the sound is from nature, such as frogs croaking or geese honking.
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OC or OQ
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"out cue"-- the last words recorded on a cut or vo
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Reader
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script of a news story in which no actualities are to be played; this script is read live on the air by the anchor; the recording of a reader by a reporter is called a "voicer"
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reveal bullet
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Text on screen in bullet form, revealed on bullet at a time to highlight main points as anchor reads
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Script
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Written-out version of a news story, the text of which is read on the air; a newscast is made up of a collection of scripts read by an anchor
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Slug
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title of a script; used for reference purposes; wire-service stories are each given one
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sot
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sound on tape, a video sound bite from the person being interviewed; indicated in script along with trt or amount of time the taped comments will run
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sounder
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recorded tune used to introduce segments of the broadcast, such as at the beginning of a traffic report or sports; the networks use sounders at the beginning of the hourlies
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spot
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recorded commercial advertisement
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tag
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end of a story, in which an anchor comes back on cam to read the final lines.
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tease
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brief phrase spoken by the anchor immediately before playing a spot or going to traffic (or some other interruption of the newscast) to tell the listener about a story coming up later; the tease should intrigue the listener without either misrepresenting the story or revealing it entirely.
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vo
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voice over, in which the anchor continues to read while a video, or a graphic, or a reveal, is rolled
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voicer
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recorded report containing only the journalist's voice-- there is not actuality; can be understood as a recorded reader
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wrap
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recorded report in which a journalist's voice occurs at the beginning and end, and an actuality is played in between; the report is "wrapped around" the actuality
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Zinger
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unusual and generally humorous feature story often placed at the end of a newscast
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