Newborn Complications

Front 1

Evidence of fetal distress?

Back 1

1.Gestationl age less than 37wks.
2. SGA or LGA

Front 2

Tools used to identify at risk newborn?

Back 2

1. Apgar score <6 at 1 min and <7 at 5 min.
2. Gestational age testing-Ballard and Dubewitz scores.

Front 3

Pulse Oximeter

Back 3

assess site q4hr and safe clinical range is >90%.

Front 4

What is a UAL used to obtain?
(umbilical arterial line)

Back 4

ABG

Front 5

What is a UVL line used for?
(umbilical venous line)

Back 5

IV fluids, meds and blood draws.

Front 6

What causes retinopathy?

Back 6

High concentrations of oxygen which can lead to blindness.

Front 7

Wher is a gavage tube placed?

Back 7

Usually orally, can decompress stomach or be used for feeding or medications.

Front 8

Common sizes for Gavage tubes?

Back 8

5-8 Fr

Front 9

Why should you give feedings slowly using the gavage tube?

Back 9

To avoid dumping syndrome.

Front 10

Premature is an infant being born before ___ week.

Back 10

37th

Front 11

Number one cause of death in preterm infants?

Back 11

Respiratory failure- due to insufficiant surfactant, inadequate alveoli,weak musculature (head to body).

Front 12

What affects temperature regulation in a premie?

Back 12

1. Lack of subcutaneous fat to insulate body.
2. large body surface that loses heat faster.
3. absent sweat and shiver ability.

Front 13

Why are premies at high risk for infection?

Back 13

Because they lack maternal immunoglobulins that cross the maternal membranes in the third trimester.

Front 14

What hepatic problems are common in the premie?

Back 14

1. hyperbilirubinemia R/T immature liver and inability to break down RBC's.2. Immature production of clotting factors. 3. Decreased hepatic glycogen stores that lead to hypoglycemia.

Front 15

Why does the premie bruise easily?

Back 15

1. Fragile skin and capillaries. 2. lack of clotting factors.

Front 16

What increases the risk for aspiration in the premie?

Back 16

Poor gag and cough reflexes.

Front 17

Why does the premie require tube feeding if born before 33-34wks?

Back 17

Because they have a weak suck and swallow reflex until 33-34wks.

Front 18

Renal problems common in the premie?

Back 18

1. inability to concentrate urine resulting in dehydration. 2. Prolonged drug excretion due to immature kidneys.

Front 19

Postterm newborn

Back 19

Born after 42wks (may have been to inaccurate MP dates).

Front 20

Post term maturity syndrome include?

Back 20

1. Decreased placental function. 2. Decreased oxygenation and nutrition.

Front 21

AGA

Back 21

Appropiate for gestational age

Front 22

SGA

Back 22

Small for gestational age. Birthweight <10th percentile.

Front 23

LGA

Back 23

Large for gestational age. Birthweight >90th percentile.

Front 24

S&S of hypoglycemia in the newborn?

Back 24

1. Glucose level of <40mg/dl. 2. tremors, jitteriness, lethargy, cyanosis, temp instability, poor feeding, hypotonia and in extreme cases seizures.

Front 25

Physiologic jaundice

Back 25

Appears after the first 24hrs of life and may require phototherapy.

Front 26

Pathologic jaundice AKA hyperbilirubinemia

Back 26

SEVERE problem! appears in the first 24hrs of life.

Front 27

Causes of pathological jaundice are?

Back 27

1. Rh incompatibility.
2. Erythroblastosis fetalis.
3. ABO incompatibility.

Front 28

Most severe form of erythroblastosis?

Back 28

Hydrops fetalis

Front 29

Kernicticus

Back 29

Increase in bilirubin level

Front 30

How would you test for jaundice in a darker skin baby?

Back 30

Assess sclera, palms, and soles.

Front 31

Normal level of bilirubin?

Back 31

<12 mg/dl

Front 32

Normal stool for a baby with pathologic jaundice?

Back 32

Green stool shows excretion of bilirubin.

Front 33

Does alcohol cross the placenta?

Back 33

YES-resulting in fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and interferes with protein synthesis.

Front 34

Drugs used to control withdrawal symptoms?

Back 34

1.Phenobarbital.
2. Paregoric (elixir)-controversial
3. Diazepam (Valium)-contraindicated with jaundice.

Front 35

If a newborn is exposed to HIV, how often should they be tested?

Back 35

at birth, 1-2 months, and 4-6 months.

Front 36

How long does it take for a newborn to form their own HIV antibodies?

Back 36

15 months

Front 37

When would the infant begin antiretroviral drug therapy?

Back 37

beginning 8-12 hrs of life and continuing for 6 weeks.

Front 38

An inborn metabolic error and can cause mental retardation?

Back 38

1. PKU-Phenylketonuria.
2. Galactosemia.

Front 39

Galactosemia?

Back 39

Inborn metabolic error of glucose metabolism. Unable to utilize galactose and lactose. Must give "nutramagen", meat and soy based formulas.

Front 40

Congenital hypothyroidismmis caused by?

Back 40

1. Inborn enzymatic defect.
2. Lack of maternal iodine.
3. Maternal drug use that depresses or destroys thyroid tissue.