New Words

Front 1

the study of the physical structure of humans and animals

Back 1

Anatomy

Front 2

compuond that kills or limits the growth and reproduction of bacteria

Back 2

antibiotic

Front 3

reactions that do not involve oxygen

Back 3

anaerobic

Front 4

reactions that do use oxygen

Back 4

aerobic

Front 5

the different varieties of a gene, (X or Y)

Back 5

alleles

Front 6

movenment of molecules across the cell membrane using energy

Back 6

Active transport

Front 7

part of an enzyme where the substrate or the reacted particle bonds

Back 7

active site

Front 8

the amount of conformity of a measurement to its actual size

Back 8

accuracy

Front 9

nonliving parts of an environment

Back 9

abiotic

Front 10

what is needed to start a reaction, as in striking matches

Back 10

activation energy

Front 11

one of the 4 nitrogenous bases found in RNA & DNA

Back 11

adenine

Front 12

building blocks of proteins

Back 12

amino acids

Front 13

history of an organisms development

Back 13

ancestry

Front 14

3 adjacent nucleotides in tRNA that bind to a codon on mRNA

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anticodon

Front 15

parts that serve the same purpose in different species but that evolved independently, not from the same parts in a common ancestor.

Back 15

analogous structures

Front 16

all living organisms that interact within a population or an environment

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biotic factors

Front 17

is the study of the structure and function of plants

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botany

Front 18

the reproduction of offspring from one parent which gives genetically identical cells

Back 18

asexual

Front 19

are organisms that produce their own food using energy from sunlight or inorganic compounds.

Back 19

autotrophs

Front 20

a piece of scientific equipment used to weigh or mass

Back 20

balance/scale

Front 21

the study of the chemistry in living things which includes metabolism

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biochemistry

Front 22

the use of organisms to improve human health and food

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biotechnology

Front 23

are organisms that eat herbivores, omnivores, or other meat eaters

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carnivores

Front 24

are organic compounds formed by photosynthesis, and are a major

Back 24

carbohydrates

Front 25

is the thin flexible barrier that surrounds the contents of all cells

Back 25

cell membrane

Front 26

is the variety of all life in an ecosystem

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biodiversity

Front 27

the use of carbon to determine the age of a formerly living thing / fossil

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carbon dating

Front 28

numerous short tiny hair like projections from cells that aid in movement

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cilia

Front 29

the energy currency molecule of all living things

Back 29

ATP

Front 30

is virus that infects bacteria, and often used in genetic engineering

Back 30

bacteriophage

Front 31

the carbohydrate strong layer around a cell membrane in plants, algae and some bacteria

Back 31

cell wall

Front 32

a green organelle found in plant cells (and some others) for photosynthesis

Back 32

chloroplast

Front 33

threadlike DNA structures found in the nucleus that are only visible during cell division

Back 33

chromosomes

Front 34

3-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA, that codes for a single amino acid

Back 34

codon

Front 35

is the factor in an experiment that scientists purposely keep the same, a standard

Back 35

control

Front 36

is the process that includes all the biochemical reactions within a cell

Back 36

cell metabolism

Front 37

the process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

Back 37

crossing over

Front 38

the process that releases energy by breaking down food in the presence of oxygen

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cellular respiration

Front 39

material inside a cell membrane, but not including the nucleus

Back 39

cytoplasm

Front 40

any material which chemically eats away of other materials, like acids and bases

Back 40

corrosive

Front 41

a decision reached by reasoning

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conclusion

Front 42

is a piece of equipment that spins a sample to separate substances which vary in density

Back 42

centrifuge

Front 43

is the granular material visible within the nucleus, made of DNA tightly coiled around histones

Back 43

chromatin

Front 44

the study of cells and their functions

Back 44

cytology

Front 45

lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells

Back 45

cloning

Front 46

a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA which is the complement of guanine

Back 46

cytosine

Front 47

the theory about evolution specifically by natural selection

Back 47

Darwinism

Front 48

information collected through scientific research and inquiry

Back 48

data

Front 49

a break in a chromosome during mitosis or meiosis

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deletion

Front 50

the five carbon sugar that is part of DNA

Back 50

deoxyribose

Front 51

the conditions that will change as a result of the manipulation of the independent variable

Back 51

dependent variables

Front 52

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Back 52

diffusion

Front 53

genetic cross used to study two traits simultaneously

Back 53

dihybrid cross

Front 54

the total number of paired chromosomes found in each somatic cell: in humans, = 46

Back 54

diploid number

Front 55

the number of species in a particular community or habitat

Back 55

diversity

Front 56

technique using a pattern produced when DNA fragments are separated based on size by gel electrophoresis

Back 56

DNA fingerprinting

Front 57

the property of one of a pair of heterozygous alleles or traits that suppresses expression of the other

Back 57

dominant

Front 58

is the twisted ladder shape of DNA

Back 58

double helix

Front 59

the interrelationships of living organisms and their environments

Back 59

ecology

Front 60

a series of steps in aerobic respiration, where products of the Krebs cycle transfer electrons, which yield the majority of the ATP produced in aerobic respiration

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electron transport chain

Front 61

the study of the stages before birth

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embryology

Front 62

the process by which a cell takes in material by folding the cell membrane around the material

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endocytosis

Front 63

an organelle in which parts of the cell membrane are made and some proteins are chemically modified

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endoplasmic reticulum

Front 64

catalyst that speed up the rates of biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

Back 64

enzyme

Front 65

cell that contain a nucleus

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eukaryotic

Front 66

the process by which a cell releases large amounts of material using folds in the cell membrane

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exocytosis

Front 67

the death of all individuals within a species

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extinction

Front 68

the movement of specific molecules across the membrane via protein channels embedded in the cell membrane

Back 68

facilitated diffusion

Front 69

anaerobic reactions, which produce energy but not as efficiently as do aerobic reactions

Back 69

fermentation

Front 70

union of male and female gametes to form a zygote

Back 70

fertilization

Front 71

the conditions that will change as a result of the manipulation of the independent variable

Back 71

dependent variables

Front 72

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Back 72

diffusion

Front 73

genetic cross used to study two traits simultaneously

Back 73

dihybrid cross

Front 74

the total number of paired chromosomes found in each somatic cell: in humans, = 46

Back 74

diploid number

Front 75

the number of species in a particular community or habitat

Back 75

diversity

Front 76

technique using a pattern produced when DNA fragments are separated based on size by gel electrophoresis

Back 76

DNA fingerprinting

Front 77

the property of one of a pair of heterozygous alleles or traits that suppresses expression of the other

Back 77

dominant

Front 78

is the twisted ladder shape of DNA

Back 78

double helix

Front 79

the interrelationships of living organisms and their environments

Back 79

ecology

Front 80

a series of steps in aerobic respiration, where products of the Krebs cycle transfer electrons, which yield the majority of the ATP produced in aerobic respiration

Back 80

electron transport chain

Front 81

the study of the stages before birth

Back 81

embryology

Front 82

the process by which a cell takes in material by folding the cell membrane around the material

Back 82

endocytosis

Front 83

an organelle in which parts of the cell membrane are made and some proteins are chemically modified

Back 83

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 84

catalyst that speed up the rates of biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

Back 84

enzyme

Front 85

cell that contain a nucleus

Back 85

eukaryotic

Front 86

the process by which a cell releases large amounts of material using folds in the cell membrane

Back 86

exocytosis

Front 87

the death of all individuals within a species

Back 87

extinction

Front 88

the movement of specific molecules across the membrane via protein channels embedded in the cell membrane

Back 88

facilitated diffusion

Front 89

anaerobic reactions, which produce energy but not as efficiently as do aerobic reactions

Back 89

fermentation

Front 90

union of male and female gametes to form a zygote

Back 90

fertilization

Front 91

the trait that allows an organism to be best suited to its environment so it can survive and reproduce

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fitness

Front 92

long whiplike structures that aid in the movement of some cells

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flagella

Front 93

the preserved remains of ancient organisms

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fossil

Front 94

provides evidence that life on Earth has changed over time

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fossil record

Front 95

a mutation where a nitrogenous base is added or deleted

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frameshift

Front 96

is the general name for reproductive cells

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gametes

Front 97

technique used to analyze DNA by sorting DNA fragments according to their response to an electrical field

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gel electrophoresis

Front 98

genes, or pieces of DNA are taken from one organism and transferred to another organism

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genetic engineering

Front 99

resulting offspring show new combinations of traits inherited from both parents

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genetic recombination

Front 100

the study of how characteristics are transferred from parent to offspring

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genetics

Front 101

the genetic makeup of an organism or a group of organisms

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genotype

Front 102

a time scale used by scientists to represent changes in organisms and environments over time

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geologic time scale

Front 103

the first series of steps in aerobic respiration to release stored energy within the cell

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glycolysis

Front 104

organelles that attach carbohydrates (sugars) and lipids (fats) to proteins

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Golgi vesicles

Front 105

the theory that evolution occurs slowly over a long period of time

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gradualism

Front 106

piece of scientific equipment used to measure the volume of liquids accurately and carefully

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graduated cylinder

Front 107

a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA which is complementary to cytosine

Back 107

guanine

Front 108

the amount of time needed for one-half of a radioactive element to decay

Back 108

half-life

Front 109

number of chromosomes found in a sex cell

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haploid number

Front 110

an organism that feeds on plants

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herbivore