Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
before Jerusalem Temple |
abraham and decendants, deliverance from egypt, conquest/settlement in promised land, kingship of David |
|
|
kingship of David |
10th century BCE |
|
|
during 1st Jerusalem Temple |
kingship of solomon/temple construction, divided monarchies of israel and judah, assyrian conquest of israel, babylonian destruction of Jerusalem |
|
|
babylonian destruction of Temple... babylonian exile begins |
578 BCE |
|
|
persians end the babylonian exile |
539 BCE |
|
|
2nd Temple completed |
515 BCE |
|
|
2nd Temple Judaism means |
early Judaism, now recognized as a religion |
|
|
during the babylonian exile |
torah reaches final form, deuteronomistic history written |
|
|
Alexander expands Hellenistic (Greek) empire |
333-323 BCE |
|
|
Maccabean Revolt against Antiochus IV |
166-164 BCE |
|
|
Hasmonean dynasty (continuation of Maccabean rule) |
142-63 BCE |
|
|
Roman occupation of Palestine begins |
63 BCE |
|
|
Jesus of Nazareth Born |
6-4 BCE |
|
|
Jesus of Nazareth Crucified by Roman authorities |
30-33 BCE |
|
|
First Jewish revolt against Rome (epic fail) |
66-73 CE |
|
|
Romans destroy Jerusalem, including 2nd Temple |
70 CE |
|
|
Second jewish revolt against Rome |
132-135 CE |
|
|
why is it important for us to understand 1st century Judaism for this class? |
Jesus was a Jew, and so were his disciples. |
|
|
Was Jesus the first Christian? |
NO. He was Jewish. |
|
|
Was Jesus opposed by the Jews? |
NO. He was opposed by conventional leaders within Palestinian Judaism |
|
|
Was 1st Century Judaism a monolithic religion? |
NO. it was quite diverse. particularly before the temple destruction in 70 CE. |
|
|
Were 1st Century Jews obsessed about "the Messiah?" |
NO. Their expectations were diverse. |
|
|
Did ancient Jews try to earn their salvation? |
NO. They were responding to God's grace. |
|
|
The unifying scriptural story for the Jews consists of... |
one creator God, God promised to be faithful to Abraham's decendants, God delivered them from bondage in Egypt through Moses, God called them into a covenant through Moses, God gave them the promised land, God raised up kings and united Israel, God delivered Israel/Judah from the babylonian bondage, God will remain faithful to the Davidic royal line |
|
|
Unifying practices of 1st century Judaism |
basic fidelity to the Mosaic covenant (especially the Decalogue, and circumcision), basic allegiance to Jerusalem and the temple (with more ambivalence among Diaspora Jews), participation in local synagogues for worship and community issues |
|
|
decalogue |
10 commandments, the best is love |
|
|
circumcision |
associated with the promise made to Abraham |
|
|
the temple is about the |
promise of God among the people. overseen by the priestly class, a place to offer offerings and renew a relationship with God |
|
|
sadducees |
are sad, you see, because they don't believe in the resurrection. mainly priests, aristocratic, accepted and benefitted from roman rule, only written torah, priests held to a higher standard, all others follow basic torah, rather conservative, more dualistic |
|
|
pharisees |
teachers of more local influence, do believe in the resurrection, not connected to temple, spectrum of opinions of the romans, developed an oral torah to the written torah, all Jews must follow torah as completely as possible, oral is just as authoritative, Jesus fought with these people because they have the most in common |
|
|
second temple period |
persian period, hellenistic period, hasmonean period, roman period |
|
|
2 major hellenistic influences spread by Alexander |
spread of the greek language, greek cities promote/foster greek culture |
|
|
roman protocol when a territory is captured... |
set up a king, governor, or a ruler, but still keep some native institutions |
|
|
benefits of life under roman rule... |
good administration, cleared the sea of pirates, built aquaeducts and roads, kept crime low, many jobs, unity to world (Pax Romana), free trade |
|
|
2 main negative consequences of Roman rule for the Palestinian Jews... |
high taxes meant poverty, many slaves, soldiers everywhere |
|
|
ancient G-R understanding of wealth and poverty... |
limited good (money and the stuff money buys was perceived as in short/finite supply) no true middle class... 3% rich and 90% poor. 28% of the population of the Roman Empire during the NT lived below subsistence level (they didn't know, day to day, whether they would be able to obtain things that are necessary to sustain life) |
|
|
ancient G-R understanding of honor and shame |
mainly factors you can't control, but you are able to increase or decrease your status with actions |
|
|
abraham |
ancestor of the israelites |
|
|
aramaic |
A Semitic language, very similar to Hebrew, that became the common language in Palestine before the Common Era (CE). Jesus most likely spoke this as his native language. Small portions of the Old Testament were composed in this language. |
|
|
christ |
From the Greek Christos, which translates the Hebrew messiah, meaning “anointed one" |
|
|
covenant |
In the Old Testament, a formal agreement or contract between two parties in which eachparty holds an obligation towards the other |
|
|
diaspora |
A community of people living away from its homeland |
|
|
essenes |
Ancient Jewish group that tended towards separatism and strict obedience to purity laws. The community of Qumran is typically identified as this, although it would not have been the only example of that Jewish sect. |
|
|
exodus |
From the Greek, “to go out.” The second book of the Old Testament, the first half of which narrates God’s deliverance of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. The second half of this book describes God’s giving of the law at Sinai and forms part of the Priestly Code. |
|
|
galilee |
The rather mountainous northern section of the Central Highlands, divided into “Upper”and “Lower” Galilee and containing the Sea of Galilee. |
|
|
gentile |
A non-Jew. |
|
|
herod the great |
Partially Jewish by heritage, appointed “king of the Jews” by Rome in 37 BCE and ruled over Palestine until 4 BCE. Was notoriously paranoid, even to the point of brutality. He is also well known for his extensive building programs throughout Palestine, especially his elaborate enhancements to the Jerusalem Temple complex. In the New Testament, he is king at the time of Jesus’ birth |
|
|
judah/judea (to the romans) |
Def 1: The fourth son of Jacob; his wife was Jacob’s wife Leah; he is the eponym of a later Israelite tribe. Def 2: One of the Israelite tribes that descended from the son of Jacob. Def 3: The name of the southern kingdom after the withdrawal of the northern tribes (ca 922), ruled by Davidic kings, and conquered by the Babylonians in 587/6 BCE. Def 4: The southernmost region of the Central Highlands, between Samaria and the Negeb, which includes the Dead Sea and the Shephelah. |
|
|
hanukkah |
Hebrew for “lights.” The annual commemoration of the rededication of the Jerusalem temple after the successful Maccabean Revolt against Seleucid persecution (165 BCE). |
|
|
hellenism |
Greek culture, or the interaction between Greek culture and non-Greek indigenous cultures. Spread by Alexander the Great |
|
|
messiah |
From the Hebrew “anointed one.” In the biblical tradition, someone who is anointed by God for a special task. While both priests and prophets could be anointed, the title is most common with reference to kings. |
|
|
mishnah |
The collection of rabbinic and originally oral interpretations of the Torah, codified in the early 3rd century CE but originating in earlier Pharisaic traditions. |
|
|
moses |
Leader of the Israelites from bondage in Egypt and through their wilderness journey (Exod – Deut). It was through the mediation of this guy that God gave the law at Sinai and provided for the Israelites in the wilderness. |
|
|
passover |
The annual festival commemorating the Israelite’s deliverance from slavery in Egypt (Exod 12:1-13:16), so-called because God “passed over” the homes of Israelites in inflicting the tenth plague upon Egypt (killing the first-born sons). |
|
|
pax romana |
Latin for “Peace of Rome,” a slogan used by the Roman Empire to cast its conquests in a favorable light. |
|
|
samaria |
Def 1: A major ancient city within the Central Highlands which served as capital of the northern kingdom of Israel. Def 2: The territory constituting the middle section of the Central Highlands, between Galilee and Judah, named after one of its major cities. |
|
|
sanhedrin |
From the Hebrew for “council.” A primarily aristocratic and priestly council which oversaw various judicial and administrative matters in Jerusalem and temple. |
|
|
septuagint |
The Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, which began around the 3rd century BCE and was prompted by the need of Diaspora Jews who had gradually lost proficiency in Hebrew |
|
|
zealots |
A loose designation for any ancient Jewish group that advocated armed resistance to Roman occupation.
|
|
|
what are the 7 categories that powell uses to describe the NT? |
gospels, book of acts, letters FROM paul to churches, letters FROM paul to people, letter to Hebrews, letters by others, revelation |
