New Testament

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a writing or collection of documents that a religion holds to be scared and binding upon its adherents

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scriptures

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a strip of land bordering the eastern Mediterranean Sea, lying south of Syria, north of Sinai Peninsula, and west of Arabian Desert. Known as Canaan.

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Palestine

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popular term for the territory of Canaan that Yahweh vowed to give Abraham's heirs in perpetuity, traditionally the land area embraced in David's kingdom

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Promised Land

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a collection of Jewish sacred writings originally written in the Hebrew language; known to Christians as the OT.Traditionally divided into three main parts:the Torah or Law; the Prophets; and the Writings

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Hebrew Bible (Old Testament)

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a Greek edition of the Hebrew Bible tradtionally attributed to seventy or seventy-two Palestinian scholars, but actually the work of several generations of Alexandrine translators. The later additions to the Septuagint were deleted from the standard Hebrew Bible but included in the OT as the Apocrypha.

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Septuagint

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a vow, agreement, or contract between two parties, a model of the relationship between God and his people. In Christian tradition, Jesus introduced a "New Covenant" with his disciples, making them the true Israel.

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covenant

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in the Hebrew Bible, the pact between Yahweh and Israel mediated by Moses. According to the terms of the pact, Yahweh's support of Israel was dependent on the people's obedience to his will, expressed in the laws and principles of the Torah

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Mosaic Covenant

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the Pentateuch (1st 5 books of the Hebrew Bible) and in a general sense, all the Hebrew canonical writings, which are traditionally regarded as a direct oracle or revelation, from Yahweh. This is a Hebrew term usually translated as "law", "instruction", or "teaching".

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Torah

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the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, the Torah; from a greek word meaning "five scrolls"

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Pentateuch

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the Christian message, literally meaning "good news"

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Gospel

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the term commonly used to denote Jesus' suffering and death

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passion

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a body of Hellenistic-Jewish writings produced b/w about 300 bce and 200 ce, including canonical works such as Daniel and noncanonical books such as 1 and 2 Enoch and 2 and 3 Baruch.

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apocalyptic literature

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beliefs about the supernaturally directed destiny of humanity and the universe; from Greek word meaning "study of last things".

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eschatology

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literally "correct opinion", holding beliefs or doctrines established by a religious or political authority

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orthodoxy

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invented the movable type, a revolutionary advance that made it possible to print books relatively quickly rather than copying them laboriosly by hand

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Johannes Gutenburg

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a German monk who vigorously protested administrative corruption and other practices within the Roman Catholic Church. His German translation of the Bible was the first version in modern European language ased not on the Latin Vulgate, but on the original Hebrew and Greek

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Martin Luther

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the first English translator to work directly from Hebrew and Greek manuscripts. under threat of church prosecution, he fled Germany where his translation of the NT was published.

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William Tyndale

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appointed 54 scholars to compose a new version of the Bishop's bible for official use in the Anglican church; contains rhythmic prose and colorful imagery; remains unsurpassed in literary excellence

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Importance of the KJV

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finished translating both the OT and NT by about 1384. the national church feared the consequences of the Bible being read/interpreted by laypeople, so they condemned his version and forbade any future translations.

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John Wycliffe

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a list of books that a religious community find sacred and authoritative; or a standard by which religious beliefs or documents are judged acceptable.

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Canon

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an early Gnostic Christian who attempted to establish a Christian Scripture distinct from the Hebrew Bible, which he rejected.

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Marcion

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a widespread and extremely diverse movement in early christianity. followers believed that salvation is gained through a special knowledge revealed through a spiritual savior and is the property of the elite few who have been initiated into is mysteries.

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Gnosticism

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the Apocrypha was later added and which became the official edition of Roman Catholicism

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Latin Vulgate

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a manuscript book of an ancient biblical text, a from pioneered by Christians to replace the unwidely scrolls on which the scriptures were originally recorded.

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codex

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Roman emperor who converted to Christianity and whose reign began the period of state support for the early church

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Constantine

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Roman name is Jupiter; chief of the gods; sky-god associated with daylight and storm, thunderbolts

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Zeus

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Neptune; god of sea and earthquakes

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Poseidon

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Pluto; god of the underworld, sinister divinity

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Hades

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Juno; Zeus's sister-wife, queen of heaven, guardian of marriage and home

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Hera

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Ceres; promoted the fertility of teh earth's soil that yielded life-sustaining grain

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Demeter

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Vesta; embodied the fixity and stability of hearth and home

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Hestia

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Minerva; Zeus's child, goddes of wisdom

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Athena

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Apollo; god of self-discipline, health, manly beauty, prophecy,and creative arts

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Apollo

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Diana; Apollo's twin sister, virgin, patron of wildlife and the hunt

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Artemis

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Mercury; messenger of the gods and guide to the underworld

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Hermes

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Mars; god of war and aggression

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Ares

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Venus; Female beauty and sexual allure

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Aphrodite

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Bacchus; god of wine and ecstacy; Hestia would be demoted when _______ would ascend Mt. Olympus

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Dionysus

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the hidden messiah and eschatological judge

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Mark's Portrait of Jesus

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a teacher greater than moses

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Matthew's portrait of Jesus

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a savior of all nations

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Luke's portrait of Jesus

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divine wisdom made flesh

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John's portrait of Jesus