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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
p53
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stimulates p21 to prevent S phase with DNA damage
will trigger apoptosis if damage can't be repaired |
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Rb
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regulated by cyclin D/CDK to regulate EF2 which controls transition from G1 to S
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ras
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signal transduction proto-oncogene
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Kip/Cip and INK4/ARF families
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CDK inhibitors
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gatekeeper genes
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directly inhibit cell proliferation or promote cell death
tissue specific |
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caretaker genes
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involved with repair of damaged DNA and maintains genetic stability and fidelity of DNA replication
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types of caretaker genes
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mismatch repair
nucleotide excision repair recombination repair |
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what is the angiogenic switch?
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loss of p53
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what factors promote angiogenesis?
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VEGF and bFGF
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8 things necessary for a tumor cells to be metastatic
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detach and have decreased cellular cohesion (cadherins)
Matrix degradation (TIMPs) Cell-matrix attachements (integrins) Angiogenesis Motility and migration Vascular extravasation Avoid immune surveillance Survive and proliferate in new environment |
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what does methylation do?
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shuts down genes
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What is Gleevec?
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tyrosine kinase inhbitor against bcr-abl fusion protein
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what do antisense expression vectors (siRNAs) do?
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block transcription or translation of oncoproteins
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what does ATRA do?
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forcibly induces differentiation via RAR alpha mediated transactivation
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what characterizs progression?
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additional genetic and phenotypic changes required for malignancy
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HPV E7 binds to?
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Rb
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HPV E6 binds to?
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p53
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2 phenotypes of adenocarcinoma
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tubular glandular
endocrine |
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what is accelerated in FAP?
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tumor initiation
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what is accelerated in HNPCC?
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tumor progression
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what does normal APC do?
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regulates Beta catenin-->when released it translocates to nucleus and initiates transcription of Wnt target genes-->cell cycle progression
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4 things that APC regulates
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1. Amt. of free beta catenin
2. MT assembly 3. Axin 4. Certain apoptotic pathways |
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What do Wnt and notch maintain?
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stem cell compartment in crypt
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what are tubular adenomas correlated with?
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kRas and Smad4 mutations-->see more catenin in cytoplasm and less in membrane-->loss of jxnl integrity
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how do NSAIDs decrease polyp formation?
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blocks PPARdelta and inhibits cell proliferation effect of free beta catenin and permits cell death
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carcinoid tumor
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low grade malignancy of endocrine type cells, locally invasive, and capable of metastasis, perhaps with paraneoplastic syndrome
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characteristics of small cell carcinoma of the lung
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1. cells very small; tumor necrotic
2. nuclear hyperchromasia and "molding" 3. ACTH secreting-->Cushing |
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what does notch determine in pancrease?
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exocrine differentiation
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what does high ngn3 determine?
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endocrine differentiation in pancreas
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marasmus
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totally wasted
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kwashiorkor
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relative protein deficiency
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which asbestos fiber is associated with mesothelioma?
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amphibole
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Class I autopsy finding
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findings inconsistent with life
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Class II autopsy finding
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findings explain death
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Class III autopsy finding
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minimal pathologic findings, compelling history, exclusion of other causes
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Class IV autopsy finding
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traceless lethal disorder, well documented history, exclusion of other causes
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Class V autopsy finding
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undetermined
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effective half-life
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net combination of physical and biological half-lives in removing radioactive material from the body
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per capita radiation dose from CT scanning
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1.45mSv
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Background radiation exposure
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2.5mSv/yr
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