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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Active voice (what the subject does) (Brief direct to the point)
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Subject -> Verb -> Object
The cat -> sat -> on the mat |
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Passive voice
(long winding) (opp. of active) |
Object -> Verb -> Subject
The mat -> was sat on -> by the cat |
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Subjective voice
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based on personal feelings, tastes & opinion
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Objective voice
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Factual info, statistics, no bias
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Affective (adj)
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relating to or exciting/arousing feelings/emotion, sentimental
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Connotation
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idea/feeling associated with a word e.g. home = warmth, family & security e.g. 2 = big brother
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Dénouement
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resolution of the plot at usu. play or film
explanations given after climax for characters' actions |
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Teenflic
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usu. set in highschool with cool kids, sport jocks & nerds. Social/ethical conflict.
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Oxymoron
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contradiction in 2 adjacent words to emphasise contrast
e.g. sweet sorrow |
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Popular culture
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Cultural experiences widely enjoyed by members of various groups within the community
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Spoonerism
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exchaning first few letters of adjacent words e.g. Kinquering Kongs (conquering Kings)
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Tone
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writer's attitude to subject matter or reader. (imagine they were speaking the text)
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ellipsis
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...
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Euphemism
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mild expression/(more acceptable in society) replacing hurtful/unpleasant one. e.g. pass on/ gone to a better place
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Hyperbole
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deliberate exaggeration for dramatic effect (not meant to be taken literally)
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Anecdote
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Narration of a striking event.
Personal recount of an incident. |
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Antithesis
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Arrangement of words to emphasise a contrast. e.g. fools will disregard the warning; the wise will heed it.
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Apostrophe
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Rhetorical reference to a non-existing/ absent person. e.g. 'Oh Death. Oh Grave.'
(abstract/inanimate entity) |
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Allusion (literary, classical, biblical)
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reference to other works
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Anachronism
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an event at an impossible date
e.g. mention of coaches that did not arrive until 16th century |
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Anagram
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transposition of letters
e.g. Florence Nightingale = Flit on a cheering angel |
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Aphorism
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Short, emphasised opinion/general truth e.g. He has no place in US music, he is US music.
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Archaism
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Old word/expression
e.g. Thou, art, wilt, ere |
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Axiom
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A self-evident truth expressed briefly. Similar to aphorism.
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Balance
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Use of words, phrases & sentences in a way that achieves harmony in composition & expression
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Ballad
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narrative verse/poem. Action/romance story told in a rhythmic way.
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Bathos
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spoiling of an impressive climax by intro of less important item.
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Burlesque
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imitation of a serious work in drama. Exaggerated situations. Ridicule people & institutions.
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Dramatic irony
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The audience knows something the characters don't.
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Situational Irony
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A ridiculous, unlikely situation.
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Caricature
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exaggerated representations of character in art/literature. Emphasises persons' unusual features.
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Atmosphere
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setting, time, mood, seasons, outlook of the character on life
e.g. suspense |
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Cliche
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stereotyped expression
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Circumlocation (fault in writing)
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more words than necessary to communicate something (long winded, often formal language)
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Climax
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arrangment of ideas in a series, ascending order of importance e.g. this place, this earth, this universe
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Colloquialism
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everyday ordinary communication not dignified formal speech/writing
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couplet
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2 rhyming verses with similar metrical forms
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didacticism
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quality of being instructive/educational
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digression
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'freedoms of writing'
stray from topic to (usu. temporariliy) consider another thought |
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Elegy
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lamenting poems or melancholy reflection
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farce
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grotesque, exaggerated comedy
foolish incidents, situations & expressions |
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Iambus
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metrical foot made up of a stressed syllable after an unstressed one
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Idyll
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rural poem, describing images of pastoral scenes/life
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Innuendo
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daring suggestive remark in literature. Usually derogatory. e.g. the man recovered from the bite, the dog it was that died
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Inversion
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change in natural order of words
e.g. Is it not? or Not wroth am I. |
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Litotes or meiosis
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ironical understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its opposite e.g. I shall be glad = I shan't be sorry
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Malapropism
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Misuse of words similar in appearane or sound
e.g. 'the ticket perspired' (expired) |
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Maxim
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a saying expressing general truth
e.g. A man's house is his castle |
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Melodrama
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Exaggerated, improbable, dramatic, sensational drama
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Metonymy
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figure of speech mentioning 1-2 closely related ideas. 1 implies the other. e.g. the kettle (water) is boiling.
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Ode
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Song addressing person/inanimate object
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Panegyric
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public speech/writing in praise of person, thing or achievement
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parenthesis
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added words to an independent sentence in dashes, commas or brackets e.g. The dog - I saw it - took...
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Pathos
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sadness or melancholy
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Parallelism
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balanced phrases (similar antithesis) of sense & sound. e.g. heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter.
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Prolepsis
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Figure of speech addressing a future event to the present e.g. I am dead! Farewell you wretched witch!
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rhetoric
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writing in impressive & convincing manner
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Quatrain
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4 consecutive lines of verse, which usu. rhyme ABAB
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Soliloquy
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solo speech
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sonnet
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poem for noble emotions & love
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Synechoche (figurative)
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mention of a part implies the whole e.g. many new hands were now working at the shop
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verbosity
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fault of writing. using or expressed in more words than are needed.
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Paraphrase
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an expression in more understandable terms in brackets ()
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