New France And The Fur Trade

Front 1

Economic Competition

Back 1

Means that winning is having more wealth, so more power (wealth=power in New France)

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Colonies

Back 2

The main purpose of a colony was to collect resources or benefit from other colonies.

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Metis

Back 3

The Metis were cross-cultural. They were most often half French and half First Nations (The french and first nations were trading partners). The Metis would trade with the French but some would go off to be Coureurs de Bois

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Coureurs de Bois

Back 4

Coureur de Bois means "Runner of the Woods". This name was inherited when people would run into the woods and trade. They were independent traders meaning that they didn't work for any French or British company.

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Hudson Bay Company (HBC)

Back 5

A british trading company. The HBC was a monopoly, it was the biggest trading company, established in 1670. It was rivals with the Northwest Company but then they eventually merged and became one company, under the HBC name.

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Monopoly

Back 6

A business that owns every other business and is very wealthy and powerful

Front 7

Northwest Company

Back 7

A company that depended on the English and the Metis. It was British and establised in Phase 4 of New France, out of old Coureur de Bois (after the coureur de bois was made illegal)It was competitive with the HBC but soon merged with them.

Front 8

Governor

Back 8

Part of the SOVEREIGN COUNCIL. Was the representative of the King and controlled the military

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Intendant

Back 9

Part of SOVEREIGN COUNCIL. Kept every thing in order, looked for new ways that New France could be self-sufficient

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Bishop of Quebec

Back 10

part of the SOVEREIGN COUNCIL. represented the catholic church

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King

Back 11

leader of the country

Front 12

Fille de Roi

Back 12

woman supported or sponsored by the king to go to a place and get married

Front 13

Pemmican

Back 13

energy bar made of meat anf meat fat, usually from buffalo

Front 14

Seigneur

Back 14

Someone granted land from the King as a payment for coming to live in that colony. They sold seigneuries to habitants

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Seigneuries

Back 15

Plots of land owned by seigneurs, sold to habitants

Front 16

Habitants

Back 16

Would come to live on seigneuries. Some could afford to so they would. Would have to perform owed labour, called corvee, for the Seigneur as a payment.

Front 17

Jesuit missionaries

Back 17

Believed that if you weren't catholic you wouldn't go to heaven. So they tried to convert people to catholism

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Merchant

Back 18

Person who sold goods that people could buy or trade for. Sometimes they could be wealthy so it would position them higher up in the social structure

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Social Structure of New France

Back 19

the social structure of New France positioned wealthier people at the top and poor or less wealthy people at the bottom. The wealthiest people were called nobilities. The King, for example, was a nobility.

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Phase 1

Back 20

The early years. Some settlments in New France were being made at this time, but not permanent ones. Some people would go and trade on the beach but the fur trade wasn't big yet or hadn't really started even. Things were all kind of disorganized. This was the time when explorers were around like Jaques Cartier.

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Phase 2

Back 21

New France was establised in Phase 2. In this phase, trading was more frequent and the French started to work with the First Nations peoples in a sort of trading partnership. The First Nations started to get beaver furs and trade those. The Haudenosaunee War was in Phase 2

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Phase 3

Back 22

The Hudson's Bay Compnay (HBC) was formed (by the British). The HBC started to compete directly with the fur trade and was a monopoly. Rupert's Land was in the picture now. Also, it wasn't just the French and the First Nations anymore. The British came and, with their company, provided competition for the French.

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Phase 4

Back 23

the British took control over New France. Almost all of New France had become the territoriy of the British and they now called it British North America (BNA). BNA Started to expand westward at this time. Also, in Phase 4, the Northwest company (another British trading company) was formed.

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Phase 5

Back 24

In the last Phase, phase 5, The competition between the HBC and the NWC got very big and bad. Even violent, there was murder, fights and more. To stop all the violence and competition, the British forced the two companies to merge and form one company, under the Hudson Bay Company title. That meant that the HBC now controlled a large, large amount of Canada's land and was wealthier, more powerful and even more of a monopoly.

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Middlemen

Back 25

Men who went got things from one trading post to go and trade at another. The Ouendat were the middlemen for the Europeans until they were wiped out in the Haudenosaunee war (in Phase 2)