New Asian American Flash Cards

Front 1

Executive Order 9066

Back 1

-President Franklin Roosevelt ordered Japanese Americans to interment camps.
-authorized people to evacuate in California
-Curfew, Searches and Voluntary Evacuation (a lot of community leaders were arrested)
-Forced evacuation (only given 3 weeks notice)

Front 2

Min Yasui

Back 2

-was a lawyer; very educated; graduated; tried to enlist in army but was refused;
-He violated curfew to test its constitutionality; (Walked out after curfew; no one noticed, so he then went to the police station; he violated curfew so that he could make a case; in court, because of his previous ties with Japan, he could not be taken seriously)
-Supreme court upheld its constitutionality
-citizenship deprived, lost his case

Front 3

Gordon Hirabayahi

Back 3

-violated curfew and then he was Jailed; Appealed;
-Supreme Court stated that govenment had the power to do what's necessary to win the war.

Front 4

Fred Korematsu

Back 4

-lived in Bay Areas; did not report for evacuation because he had a gf in the Bay Area;
-he tried to conceal his identity through plastic surgery, but someone ratted him out;
-Supreme Court ruled that the evacuation order was proper "at the time it was made"

Front 5

Mitsuye Endo

Back 5

-was the only Japanese victory;
-he had no criminal record; he obeyed curfew and evacuation; sued for writ of habeas corpus to gain release from camp;
-Supreme Court ordered her release (camps were about to close)

Front 6

War Brides Acts

Back 6

-War Brides Act of 1945, revised in 1947, allowed spouses, children of WWII veterans to enter the US outside of the quota. Must be admissible. The WBA of 1945 was passed without trouble. Supported by INS (Immigration Naturalization Service) The UNS interrogated war brides to actually see if they're married.
-The Chinese war brides came in under WWII, most weren't married during the war; (they were much older)
-Asian war brides from Korea, Japan, and Philippines were women who married US military personals; The impact of WBA of 1945 towards Japan was very minimal; did no marry during the war; they came much later

Front 7

Diaozhi

Back 7

-reutilizing the US judiciary system; transfered paper from visa in Hong Kong to the courts of US;
-Investigation in Hong Kong: went in Hong Kong to actually check village for citizenship

Front 8

Sojourner/settler

Back 8

-"settlers" have intentions to stay;
-"sojourners" have intentions of temporarily staying;
-started thinking U.S as home

Front 9

In what ways does the 1965 Immigration Act differ from previous immigration policies of the United States?

Back 9

-Abolished the Discriminatory "national Origins" Quota System in which other countries get different and specific quotes;
-both men and women could act as sponsors

Front 10

Vietminh

Back 10

-"League of Independence League of Vietnam" was a national liberation movement started in South China.
-The Việt Minh initially formed to seek independence for Vietnam from France and later to oppose the Japanese occupation.
-Declared independence in 1945

Front 11

Viet Cong

Back 11

-political organization in South Vietnam that fought the US governments and the South Vietnamese governments during the Vietnam War.
-In Cambodia, US bombed bases used by the Viet Cong

Front 12

The Ho Chi Minh trail

Back 12

-In Laos, bombing destroyed the Ho Chi Minh trail
-The trail provided support for Vietcong

Front 13

"Vietnamization"

Back 13

-Nixon states that "we cannot fight the war for you"
because of this, the US gradually began to withdraw their troops.

Front 14

In what sense is a refugee a different from an immigrant?

Back 14

-Refugees: left country for political reasons; admitted as refugees "taken care by government"
-Seekers: same as refugees; undocumented people who are here
-Immigrants: taken care by relatives

Front 15

What makes settlement and adaptation to lives in the United States most challenging to refugees from Southeast Asia?

Back 15

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Front 16

The boat people

Back 16

-is a term that usually refers to illegal immigrants or asylum seekers who emigrate in numbers in boats that are sometimes old and crudely made, rendering them unseaworthy and unsafe. The term came into common use during the late 1970s with the mass departure of Vietnamese refugees from Communist-controlled Vietnam, following the Vietnam War.
-part of the second wave

Front 17

1980 Refugee Act

Back 17

-a federal law that was formed that allowed Refugee to come on a systematic basis.

Front 18

The Amerasian Homecoming Act

Back 18

-an Act of Congress that allowed children in Vietnam born of American fathers to immigrate in to the United States.

Front 19

Humanitarian Operations Program

Back 19

Humanitarian Operation (HO) was set up to benefit former South Vietnamese who were involved in the former regime or worked for the US. They were to be allowed to immigrate to the US if they had suffered persecution by the communist regime after 1975; given non-quota status;

Front 20

Resettlement Opportunites for Returned Vietnamese Program

Back 20

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Front 21

Hmong American farming communities

Back 21

-there were special resettlement programs for Hmong refugees and immigrants

Front 22

How did the refugee/mirgration experience affect men and women differently?

Back 22

-INS admitted more women than men
-women faced more hardship during the journey;
-gendered work available
-women had a better ability to adapt
marketable skills = nursing (Filipinas); sewing and craft works (Chinese, Koreans, Southeast Asians)

Men
-no longer bread winner; lost kinship based networks

Front 23

To what extent did the status of Southeast Asian women improve in the United States?

Back 23

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