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18 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What are the two general functions of neurotransmitters?

1. To mediate rapid communication between neurons through excitatory or inhibitory electrical events.

2. Neuromodulation, which a slower process. It includes signaling cascades that regulate: a) synaptic transmission, b) neuronal growth, and c) other functions.

What is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Glutamate

What is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS)?
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
What is the main neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junctions in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Acetylcholine
Which two neurotransmitters are the most important in the autonomic nervous system?
1. Acetylcholine
2. Norepinephrine
What are cholinergic neurons?
They are neurons that use acetylcholine.
With respect to the central nervous system, cholinergic neurons are primarily responsible for:

a) neuromodulation
b) neurotransmission

a) neuromodulation

What are the two main receptor types for acetylcholine in the central nervous system?

1. Muscarinic
2. Nicotinic

What are the main functions of acetylcholine in the central nervous system?

1. attention
2. memory
3. learning

If cholinergic transmission is blocked in the central nervous system, what type of deficits will you see?

1. Delirium
2. Memory deficits

what are the 2 subclasses for monoamines?

catecholamines and serotinergic

what are the 3 NT's that are catecholamines?

dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine


what is the function of NE

excitatory, rewarding, attention, and emotions

what is the function of DA?

excitatory/inhibitory; rewarding

what is the function of Ep?

excitatory, rewarding, attention, emotions

what are the NT's that are Amino Acids or Peptides?

GABA, Glutamate, Beta--Endorphines, and Histamine

What can MAO break down?

catecholamines (DA, NE, Ep) & serotinergic/serotonin

what is a disorder of dopamine?

Parkinsons, Huntington's disease and tourettes