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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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GABA transporter
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GAT primary way GABA is terminated
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metabolite of GABA
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GHB (gamma hydroxybutyrate
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GABA metabolized by
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GABA transaminase then semialdehyde dehydrogenase
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GABAa receptor
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ligand gated chlorine channel
ionotrophic 2 molec of GABA with 1 gamma subunit for benzodiazepines let chlorine in |
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GABAb receptors
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GPCR uses Gi. heterodimer of R1 and R2
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glycine terminated by
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Reuptake
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GABA created from
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Glutamate
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Glycine receptors
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Ligand gates ion channels. Pentamer
glycine binds to alpha subunits |
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glutamate receptors
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NMDA AMPA
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NMDA
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lets NA and CA in and K out
tetramer takes glycine and 2 glutamate to get the MG out of the way |
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AMPA
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must activate before NMDA allows NA in and K out.
voltage from Na here allow MG to move in NMDA |
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receptor 1
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all are excitatory
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glutamate group II and III
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are autoreceptors have inhibitory function
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Glutamate excitotoxicity
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too much Ca. can lead to cell death (free radicals, degrade membranes and proteins).
memantine decreases toxcity |
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Aceytlcholine released from
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CNS: the basal forebrain, and the brainstem
PNS: NMJ, preganlionic fibers |
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Acetylcholine functions
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attention, memory, and learning
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Acetylcholine receptors
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nicotinic always excitatory ionotopic (Na) pentamer
NMJ |
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Acetylcholine receptors muscarinic
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all are GPCR odds are excitatory Gq evens are inhibitory Gi
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norepinephrine termination
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via uptake by the presynaptic cell (inhibited by cocaine and TCAs also dopamine)
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catecholamine degredation
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MAO-A degrades NE and seratonin
MAO-B degrades dopamine COMT degrades all |
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Major metabolites of catecholamines
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VMA and HVA
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Dopamine
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released from Diencephalon(hypothamalmus) and Brainstem (SNPC)
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Dopamine receptors
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D1(renal) and D5 excitatiory (Gs)
D2, D3, and D4 inhibitory (Gi) |
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Norepinephrine
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released from the brainstem (locus coeruleus)
PNS |
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Norepinephrine receptors
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a1 excitatory Gq
a2 inhibitory Gi B1,2,3 excitatory with Gs |
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Epinephrine
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released from CNS in the brainstem
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Serotonin 5-HT
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made from tryptophan, reuptake by platelets and presynaptic axon terminals made in brainstem from raphe nuclei
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Serotonin metabolism
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MAO-A metabolizesmajor metabolite (5-HIAA)
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Serotonin receptors
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GPCRs and one Ligand gated (5-HT3 fast depolarization on brain stem deals with emesis)
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histamine
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released from hypothalamus
degredatiion through MAO-B |
