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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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State 2 substances that act both as a hormone and as an NT
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- Oxytocin
- Vasopressin |
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Name the criteria a substance must meet to be a NT
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- synthesized in neuron; enzymes must be present
- packaged in vesicles at presynaptic terminal - released in sufficient quantity - mechanisms for removal/degradation must exist - mimic action of endogenously released NT when administered exogenously at synapse |
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Neurotransmitters are classified into 3 categories, they are:
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- Neuropeptides
- small molecules - gaseous |
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soluble enzymes are transported via
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slow axonal transport
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non-soluble enzymes are transported via
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fast transport
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small NT are contained in ____ vesicles
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they are contained in clear- core vesicles
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depolarization of the presynaptic terminal by an AP results in...
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an AP at the presynaptic terminal leads to Ca2+ ion influx into the terminal through voltage-gated-calcium-channels (VGCC)
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state some proteins involved in NT release and vesicle fusion
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- NSF (NEM-sensitive fusion protein)
- SNAPS (soluble NSF attachment proteins) - SNAREs (SNAP receptors) |
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State characteristics of Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
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- presynaptic Ca2+ channels are attacked
- automimmune disorder at NMJ |
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symptoms of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic Syndrome:
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- weakness of upper legs and upper arms
- tingling sensation in those areas |
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Name some proteins that are classified as SNAREs:
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- synaptobrevin: located in membrane of vesicle
- snytaxin and SNAP-25: found in plasma membrane |
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synaptotagmin found in vesicular membrane it...
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regulates Ca2+ for NT release
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Clathrin is involved in...
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endocytotic budding of vesicles from the membrane (helps vesicle stay in tact and go back into the neuron)
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Dynamin is responsible for...
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pinching-off of membrane during budding
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_____ and _____ are two protiens that bring the vesicular and plasma membranes together
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Synaptobrevin (vesicular membrane) and syntaxin (plasma membrane) form complexes that bring the 2 membranes together
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___ binds to synaptotagmin on the vesicular membrane and it fusion with the terminal membrane occurs
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Ca2+ binds to synaptotagmin and causes fusion with the terminal membrane and the vesicle membrane.
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What happens to vesicles and some neurotransmitters after they are not needed anymore?
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Vesicles and neurotransmitters are recycled in the presynaptic terminal. Some NTs are degraded and take into the presynaptic cleft.
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SNAP-25 binds...
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synaptobrevin
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surplus vesicles with NT at the terminal are transported back to the ___ and degraded or recycled
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Surplus vesicles with NT at the terminal are transported back to the Soma and degraded or recycled.
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Function of neuropeptides:
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mediate slow ongoing brain functions
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example of neuropeptides:
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substance P (pain modulation) and enkephalins
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Polypeptides larger than the final peptide transmitter are called ___ and are synthesized in the ___
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Polypeptides larger than the final peptide transmitter are called prepropeptides and are synthesized in the Rough ER
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Prepropeptides are converted into...
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propeptides
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