Neurosensory Disorders

Front 1

neuro assess
mental status

Back 1

~LOC
~orientation (person, place, time)
~appearance
~affect
~knowledge/vocabulary
~judgement/abstraction
~mood
~language/speech

Front 2

increased intracranial pressure
etio

Back 2

~incr in amt of central nervous sys tissue, size of cerebroblood vessels, or amt of CSF

Front 3

increased intracranial pressure
cause

Back 3

~head injury
~CVA (stroke)
~brain tumor

Front 4

increased intracranial pressure
S/S

Back 4

~lethargic
~drowsy
~stupor
~HA doesnt go away
~projectile N/V
~pupils dilated/unequal/nonreactive
~cheynnestokes
~widening pulse pressure
~slow pulse
~bradycardic

Front 5

hyperthermia
etio

Back 5

~body temp >105F
~d/t infec, cerebral edema, heat
~reduces O2, heat damages brain

Front 6

hyperthermia
NI

Back 6

~hypothermia blanket (protect skin)
~V/S
~I&O
~check 4 skin changes
~prev shivering
~check temp q4hrs

Front 7

epilepsy seizure
etio

Back 7

~abnormal/excessive discharge of neurons in brain

Front 8

epilepsy seizure
grand mal

Back 8

~aura
~epileptic cry (high pitch)
~gen tonic-clonic movements
~loss of consciousness
~postictal effect
~>5mins

Front 9

epilepsy seizure
petit mal

Back 9

~small absence of seizures
~abrupt cessation of activity w/brief loss of consciousness w/drooling
~minor movement (twitching eye/lips)
~5-10secs
~common in children

Front 10

epilepsy seizure
jacksonian

Back 10

~spreading of seizure activity in an orderly fashion 2 adjacent motor areas
~hand suddenly spazes, then arm, then torso

Front 11

epilepsy seizure
focal motor seizures

Back 11

~motor symptoms w/out jacksonian march
~whole arm spazes, not one by one

Front 12

epilepsy seizure
status epilepticus

Back 12

~continuous sz w/out interruption
~med emerg
~>3mins leads 2 brain damage
~meds (valium, dilantin)

Front 13

epilepsy seizure
NI

Back 13

~airway
~safety
~no restraints
~turn head 2 side
~charting

Front 14

epilepsy seizure
drug therapy

Back 14

~antiseizures
~diazepam (Valium)
~dilantin (Phenytoin)
~cartemazepin (Tegretol/Garbitrol)
~phenobarbitol (Luminal)

Front 15

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
etio

Back 15

~sudden loss of brain function resulting 4m a disruption of blood supply to part of the brain causing temp/perm dysfunction

Front 16

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
risk factors

Back 16

~hypertension
~smoking
~obesity
~hypercholerolemia
~diabetes mellitus
~peripheral vascular dz

Front 17

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
S/S - middle cerebral artery

Back 17

~hemiparesis
~hemiplegia
~hemianopsia
~aphasia

Front 18

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
S/S - internal carotid

Back 18

~hemiplegia
~aphagia

Front 19

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
S/S - R hemispheric lesion

Back 19

~sensory/visual probs

Front 20

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
S/S - L hemispheric lesion

Back 20

~language/speech probs

Front 21

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
NI

Back 21

~airway
~neuro checks
~V/S
~rehab (ROM 2 prev contractures)
~est communication
~move/place all items on unaffected side

Front 22

transient ischemic attacks (TIA)
etio

Back 22

~temp episode of neuro dysnfunction lasting only a few mins/sec d/t blood flow 2 brain
~warning sign of stroke, esp in 1st 4wks after TIA

Front 23

transient ischemic attacks (TIA)
causes

Back 23

~artherosclerosis
~microemboli 4 plaque

Front 24

transient ischemic attacks (TIA)
S/S

Back 24

~sudden loss of visual function
~loss of sensory function
~loss of motor function

Front 25

transient ischemic attacks (TIA)
surgical carotid endartectomy

Back 25

~removal of carotid artery
~POST:no flexing neck
~assess swallowing reflex
~assess tongue
~move arm/shoulder
~smile

Front 26

transient ischemic attacks (TIA)
anticoag therapy

Back 26

~dipyridamole (Persantine)
~aspirin
~prev more plaque/emboli
~ticlid

Front 27

spinal cord injuries
etio

Back 27

~part/comp disruption of nerve tracts/neurons resulting in paralysis, sensory loss, altered activity in autonomic nervous system dysfunction

Front 28

spinal cord injuries
causes

Back 28

~trauma
~infec
~tumors

Front 29

spinal cord injuries
cervical

Back 29

~quadriplegia
~resp probs
~paralysis of 4 limbs
~loss of bladder/bowel

Front 30

spinal cord injuries
thoracic

Back 30

~paraplegia
~loss of bladder/bowel
~paralysis of lower limbs/major control of body trunk

Front 31

spinal cord injuries
lumbar

Back 31

~paralysis of lower extremities (flaccid)
~loss of bladder/bowel

Front 32

spinal cord injuries
NI

Back 32

~immobilization
~spinal board
~halo traction
~foster or stryker frame
~meds

Front 33

spinal cord injuries
drug therapy

Back 33

~antiinflam (steroids)
~decadron
~dexamethozome
~antibiotics

Front 34

head injury
epidural hematoma

Back 34

~damage 2 arteries in brain
~bleeding in2 space btwn skull/dura
~middle meningeal art
~loss of consciousness, lucid intervals
~deterioration
~burr holes
~constant bleeding

Front 35

head injury
subdural hematoma

Back 35

~venous
~bleeding below dura
~acute, subacute, chronic
~craniotomy

Front 36

head injury
basilar skull fx

Back 36

~bleeding nose/ears
~otorrhea/rhinorrhea
~racoon's sign
~battle's sign
~watch 4 incr UO

Front 37

multiple sclerosis
etio

Back 37

~chronic progressive dz of CNS categ by small patches of demylination of brain/spinal cord
~autoimmune dz

Front 38

multiple sclerosis
S/S

Back 38

~young adults 20-40
~nystagmus
~blurred vision
~dyplopia
~slurred speech
~ataxic gait

Front 39

multiple sclerosis
NI

Back 39

~no cure
~encourage normal life as poss
~daily excercise
~prev injury

Front 40

multiple sclerosis
meds

Back 40

~immunosuppressants
~baclofen (Lioresal)

Front 41

parkinson's dz
etio

Back 41

~progressive neuro dz affecting brain centers that are responsible 4 control/regulating movement

Front 42

parkinson's dz
S/S

Back 42

~bradykinesia
~resting tremor
~rigidity
~expressionless fixed gaze
~drooling
~slurred speech
~constipation
~shuffling propulsive gait

Front 43

parkinson's dz
meds

Back 43

~levodopa (dopar)
~carbidopa/levodopa (sinemet)
~bromocriptine (parlodel)
~benzotropine mesylate (congentin)
~trihexylphenidyl (artane)
~anantidine HCL (symmetrel)

Front 44

parkinson's dz
NI

Back 44

~exercise/speech therapy
~nutrition
~prev constipation (high fiber)
~safety precautions
~allows pts lots of time

Front 45

myasthenia gravis
etio

Back 45

dz affecting neuromuscular transmission of vol muscles of the body

Front 46

myasthenia gravis
S/S

Back 46

~extreme muscular weakness
~incr w/fatigue, relieved by rest
~ptosis
~dysphagia
~mask-like facial expression

Front 47

myasthenia gravis
meds

Back 47

~anticholinesterase (enzymes)
~pyridiastigmine (mestinon)
~ambenonium (mytelase)
~neostigmine (prostigmine)

Front 48

myasthenia gravis
NI

Back 48

~thymectomy
~tensilon test

Front 49

meniere's disease
etio

Back 49

~endolymphatic fluid vibrates & goes 2 cochlea hair; translates in2 words
~losing hair cells; w/o hair cells, lose hearing
~dilation of endolymphatic system causing degeneration of vestibular & cochlear hair cells
~excess fluid leads 2 imbalance
~60yr+

Front 50

meniere's disease
S/S

Back 50

~vertigo
~tinitus
~sensory neuro loss
~pressure in ear

Front 51

meniere's disease
NI

Back 51

~bed rest
~furstenberg diet
~keep rm dark when photophobia present
~stop smoking

Front 52

meniere's disease
meds

Back 52

~vasodilator
~nicotinic acid
~tolazone HCL (priscoline)
~diuretics, antihistamines
~sedatives: valium
~antevert (meclizine)
~dramamine

Front 53

tic douloureux
etio

Back 53

~trigeminal neuralgia
~neuro dz specifically affecting V cranial nv

Front 54

tic douloureux
S/S

Back 54

~excruciating pain along trigeminal nerves
~50yrs+

Front 55

tic douloureux
meds

Back 55

~antiepileptic drugs
~tegretal
~dilantin

Front 56

tic douloureux
NI

Back 56

~alcohol injection in2 nerve branches
~no extreme hot/cold 2 face
~no hot liquids/foods
~use straw
~pain management

Front 57

tic douloureux
surg interv

Back 57

~percutaneous radiofrequency trigeminal gagliolysis (no sensation)
~microvascular decompression of trigeminal nerve

Front 58

bell's palsy
etio

Back 58

~facial paralysis
~PNS
~lower motorneuro lesion of VII cranial nerve

Front 59

bell's palsy
S/S

Back 59

~facial paralysis w/eye
~painful sensation in face
~recovery 3-5wks

Front 60

bell's palsy
NI

Back 60

~steroids
~analgesia
~protect involved eye
~chew on unaffected side
~facial exercise

Front 61

guillian-barre syndrome
etio

Back 61

~acquired acute inflam dz of peripheral nerves categ by ascending reversible paralysis
~feet to head
~recovery takes few mo-1yr

Front 62

guillian-barre syndrome
S/S

Back 62

~dz/infec (resp/GI)
~tingling of legs
~upp extrem, trunk facial muscles (lead to resp distress)

Front 63

guillian-barre syndrome
NI

Back 63

~tx s/s
~mon resp
~phy therapy
~ocu therapy

Front 64

detached retina
etio

Back 64

~occurs when sensory retina separate 4m pigment epithelium of retina

Front 65

detached retina
S/S

Back 65

~sudden flashes of light
~curtain over field of vision

Front 66

detached retina
NI

Back 66

~immed bedrest w/both eyes bandaged
~no coughing, sneezing, straining
~scleral buckling

Front 67

cataract
etio

Back 67

~lens of eye becomes opaque

Front 68

cataract
S/S

Back 68

~gradual visual loss
~see blurry/hazzy vision

Front 69

cataract
intraocular lens impant

Back 69

~surg removal of lens under local anesthesia
~PRE:myotic dx
~mydriatics
~POST:operative eye covered
~HOB elev
~dont lie on operative side
~report severe pain
~no bending @ waist
~no lifting
~no sneezing/coughing
~no vomiting

Front 70

glaucoma
etio

Back 70

~incr intraoccular pressure
~may lead 2 atrophy of the optic nerve & blindness

Front 71

glaucoma
S/S - acute

Back 71

~closed angle
~severe pain in/around eye
~in light, see rainbow
~cloudy/blurred vision
~NV

Front 72

glaucoma
S/S - chronic

Back 72

~open angle
~tired feeling around eye
~see halos around lights
~loss peripheral vision

Front 73

glaucoma
meds

Back 73

~myotics
~pilocarpine hydrochloride (pilocar)
~diamox
~mannitol (ositol) IV
~isosorbid (ismolitic)

Front 74

glaucoma
surg

Back 74

~local anesthetic used
~iridenclesis
~theramosclerectomy
~traveculectomy

Front 75

glaucoma
NI

Back 75

~controllable, no curable
~safety when ambulating
~avoid constipation (IIOP strain; high fiber)
~med alert bracelet

Front 76

babinski reflex

Back 76

~toes curl after stroking heel
~normal for <2yr

Front 77

increased intracranial pressure
NI

Back 77

~icp >15mm hg; notify MD

Front 78

increased intracranial pressure
teaching

Back 78

~no lifting
~no coughing
~no sneezing
~no suctioning

Front 79

increased intracranial pressure
meds

Back 79

~no narcotics, sedatives, versed, morphine(can mask LOC)
~tylenol
~osmotic diuretics (decr pressure in brain)
~mannitol (osmotrol)
~decadron (dexamethozone)
~pulls fluid out of brain 2 decr swelling

Front 80

epilepsy
cause

Back 80

~head injury
~HA
~ER
~prophylactics

Front 81

surgical carotid endarectomy
etio

Back 81

~surgical procedure 2 remove plaque in the lining of the carotid artery

Front 82

surgical carotid endarectomy
NI

Back 82

~POST: no flexing neck
~assess swallowing reflex
~assess tongue (hypoglossal)
~move arm/shoulder (spinal accessory)
~smile (facial)

Front 83

surgical carotid endarectomy
meds

Back 83

~dipyridamole (persantine)
~aspirin
~ticlid
~prev more plaque/emboli

Front 84

spinal cord injuries
ANS, CNS, PNS

Back 84

~ANS: no conscious control
~HB, GI, bowel/bladder
~CNS: brain & spinal cord; irreversible
~PNS: extremities; inj/damaged possibly reversible d/t regeneration

Front 85

halo traction

Back 85

~screwed 2 bones/shoulders

Front 86

laminectomy

Back 86

~surgical removal of part of the post arch of a vertebra to provide access to the spinal canal
~NI: mon circulatory sys
~mon loss of sensation in lower extremities
~mon dressing 4 CSF/bleeding

Front 87

miotics

Back 87

~meds that constrict pupils
~FOR: glaucoma

Front 88

mydratics

Back 88

~meds that dilate pupils
~FOR: cataracts