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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tetrodotoxin (TTX) mode of action
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blocks voltage gated sodium channels
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Tetraethylammonia (TEA)
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blocks voltage gated potassium channels
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what is the formula for the time constant (how long it takes for the membrane to be 63% depolarized)
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T=RmCm
time constant= membrane resistance times membrane capacitance |
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formula for length constant (63% the total distance a subthreshold charge would spread)
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gamma= square root dRm/4Ri
d-diameter Rm=membrane resistance Ri=cytoplasm resistance |
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Tetrodotoxin (TTX) mode of action
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blocks voltage gated sodium channels
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Tetraethylammonia (TEA)
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blocks voltage gated potassium channels
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what is the formula for the time constant (how long it takes for the membrane to be 63% depolarized)
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T=RmCm
time constant= membrane resistance times membrane capacitance |
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formula for length constant (63% the total distance a subthreshold charge would spread)
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gamma= √ dRm/4Ri
d-diameter Rm=membrane resistance Ri=cytoplasm resistance |
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Curare mode of action
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competitive inhibitor of ACh at nicotinic receptors; used so we can view the EPSP in experiments
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Neostigmine mode of action
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inhibits Acetylcholinesterase;
makes EPSP larger and longer in duration; used to treat Myasthenia gravis |
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Myasthenia Gravis
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autoimmune disease that decreases number of ACh receptors at the NMJ making muscles weak
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NT released by the inhibitory interneuron in the spinal cord
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glycine
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NT released by a sensory neuron onto a motor neuron in the spinal cord
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glutamate
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the most common NT with inhibitory actions
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GABA
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netrins and semaphorins
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cell surface or secreted proteins important in axon pathfinding
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agrin
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a nerve derived factor released into the synaptic cleft which causes ACh receptors in the postsynaptic cell to cluster at the NMJ
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colchicine mode of action
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depolymerizes microtubules crucial for axonal transport
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what is different about microtubule associated proteins in the dendrite vs. those in the axon
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they have higher MW
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vinblastine
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similar to colchicine; disrupts microtubules
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synapsin
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a vesicle binding protein that when activated by Calcium causes vesicles to move toward the active zone of the synapse
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botulism toxin mode of action
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block synaptic transmission by interfering with vesicle docking binding proteins
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synaptotagmin
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binds Calcium and causes secretory vesicle fission (probably)
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SNAP-25, Syntaxin, and VAMP
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vesicle binding proteins that form a trimeric complex that causes a secretory vesicle to be "primed" for fission
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n-sec-1
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a protein that must be displaces (mech. unknown) before a secretory vesicle can bind to dock w/ the plasma membrane
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botulism toxin
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inhibits ACh release by preventing vesicle docking
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black widow spider venom
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stimulates excessive ACh release
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curare
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blocks nicotinic ACh receptors (competitive inhibition)
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atropine
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blocks muscarinic ACh receptors
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sweat glands and piloerector muscles
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places where postsynaptic sympathetic neurons release ACh instead of NE; binds muscarinic receptors
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isopropylfluoroesters
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irreversible AChE inhibitors; nerve gases and insecticides
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eserine
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a reversible AChE inhibitor used clinically
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N-methyl-D-Aspartate
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a synthetic glutamate agonist
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Strichnine
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blocks the inhibitory glycine receptor leading to hyperexcitation and inability to relax the diaphragm
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Benzodiazepines (valium, librium)
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bind the gamma subunit of the GABAa receptor to enhance GABA binding
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Barbiturates
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bind the alpha and beta subunits of the GABAa receptor to enhance GABA binding
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Picrotoxin
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blocks ion flow through the GABAa receptor
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Reserpine
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inhibits uptake of Monoamine NT's into their storage vesicles
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Isoproterenol
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sythetic agent that is an agonist of NE and E at Beta-receptors (inhibitory)
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cocaine and tricyclic antidepressants
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inhibit the reuptake proteins for DA NE and 5-HT
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Amphetamines
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cause reuptake pumps to reverse and pump Monoamine NT's into the extracellular space
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HVA and DOPAC
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DA metabolites used to measure DA function in CNS
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MHPG
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NE metabolite used to asses NE function in CNS
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VMA
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NE metabolite used to measure autonomic activity
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Metanephrine
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used to asses activity of adrenal medulla or tumor
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TMI
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a histamine metabolite
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