Neuroscience Sensory Tracts 1

Front 1

Clarke's nucleus

Back 1

-the nucleus for the posterior spinocerebellar tract, located in the spinal cord

Front 2

nucleus for the anterior spinocerebellar tract

Back 2

-the spinal border cells

Front 3

nucleus for the cuneocerebellar tract

Back 3

the nucleus cuneatus in the caudal/lower medulla

Front 4

another name for the primary olfactory cortex

Back 4

periform and periamygdaloid olfactory cortex

Front 5

where are the fungiform papillae (containing taste buds) other than the tongue?

Back 5

the epiglottis (CNX) and the soft and hard palate (CN VII)

Front 6

where do the vestibular nuclei go?

Back 6

MLF

-the lateral and medial vestibulospinal tract

-the inferior cerebellar peduncle (to cerebellum)

-the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus

Front 7

what's the auditory pathway?

Back 7

-cochlear nerve nuclei (ventral and dorsal)

-lateral lemniscus (upper pons)

-inferior colliculus (midbrain)

-medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus

-Heschl's transverse gyri/auditory cortex

Front 8

what connects the vestibular nuclei to the vestibular cortex?

Back 8

the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus

Front 9

pathway of pupillary constriction?

Back 9

-pretectal nucleus

-nucleus of edinger westfall

-occulomotor nerve

-pupillary constrictor muscle

Front 10

conduction aphasia

Back 10

a lack of intact area between speech production and comprehension

-have trouble repeating things that have been said

Front 11

arcuate fasciculus

Back 11

connects Broca's and Wenicke's area, implicated in conduction aphasia

Front 12

what is it called when there is a deficit in being able to produce speech, similar to broca's aphasia, but you can repeat things?

Back 12

transcortical motor aphasia

(broca's area may be damaged but connections in the arcuate fasciculus are intact)

Front 13

what is it called when there is a deficit in being able to understand or produce comprehensible speech, similar to Wernicke's, but you can repeat stuff?

Back 13

transcortical sensory aphasia

(Wernicke's area may be damaged but connections to the arcuate fasciculus are intact)

Front 14

what is it called when there is something similar to global aphasia but you can repeat stuff?

Back 14

mixed transcortical aphasia
(damage to broca's and wernicke's area but arcuate fasciculus somewhat intact)

Front 15

phonemes

Back 15

single distinct sounds that make up words

Front 16

cortical deafness

Back 16

-lesions to the auditory cortices

-ears are functional, and awareness that sound has occurred, but it cannot be interpreted

Front 17

word deafness

Back 17

-lesion in auditory area of dominant hemisphere, disconnection with the other

-can identify non-verbal sounds but not spoken words

-can usually speak, read, and write normally

Front 18

why might alexia occur without agraphia?

Back 18

-you can't read but you can write

-there could be a lesion in the left occipital cortex

-words are processed on the left side

-so if there is a lesion on left occipital cortex, vision from right can't cross into it to inform the left language centres

Front 19

what side of the brain are the language centres on?

Back 19

-the left side

Front 20

what happens when someone with a severed corpus callosum (ie epilepsy) is shown an image in the left visual field (with the right side occluded)?

Back 20

they cannot name the object they see, because to do so would require input to cross from right visual cortex (which perceives stimulus) to the left side

Front 21

what causes release of norepinephrine

Back 21

-locus ceruleus

-lateral tegmental area (reticular formation)

Front 22

what part of the brain releases serotonin

Back 22

raphe nuclei in the reticular formation

Front 23

role of anterior cingulate cortex and limbic pathways in attention

Back 23

motivational aspects of attention

Front 24

what happens with a lesion to the right abducens nerve?

Back 24

-can't move right eye laterally/outward to the right

-

Front 25

what happens with a lesion to the right abducens nucleus?

Back 25

can't move either eye to the right/outward to the right

-note how eye movements are controlled ipselaterally

Front 26

what happens with a lesion to the right PPRF?

Back 26

-can't move either eye to the right

Front 27

what part of the anatomy controls reflexive saccades?

Back 27

the superior colliculus

-superior colliculus contains topographical map and plans the eye movements

Front 28

what part of neuroanatomy controls voluntary saccades?

Back 28

-the frontal eye fields

Front 29

iMLF

Back 29

the vertical gaze centre

Front 30

optokinetic nystagmus

Back 30

-reflex that allows us to follow moving objects while keeping head steady

contains a slow phase (smooth pursuit)

-and a fast phase (saccade) to correct after object falls out of vision