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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CNS
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brain and the spinal chord
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PNS
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spinal nerves and the cranial nerves,
-DRG -ENS -sumpathetic ganglia -basal Ganglia -adrenal medulla -sympathetic NS -parasympathetic NS |
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what gene is responsible for ventrilization? where is it secreted from?
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SHH, secreted by notochord
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what is the function of the dorsal horn?
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it does the sensory, it is located dorsally,
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what is another name of dorsal column?
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dorsal column is called fasiclui cuneatus and gracillis, carries major sensory info to the brain
gracilis> located medially, does the sensory info to the lower body cuneatus> located laterally on the spinal chord does sensory to the upper body |
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what is white matter made up of?
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oligodendrocytes, they produce myellin w/c give it the whote color
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what is ventricular (blood supply )of the sp. chord?
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it is called the central canal
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what is grey matter?
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its made up of the axon tracks
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DRG
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the cell body for the sensory neurons, it is called pseudounipolar
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why is it that PNS can regenerate and CNS cannot?
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PNS doesn't have recpetor for NOGO, but oligodendrocytes bind NOGO in the CNS and inhibit it's function
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what are the spinal nerves capable of
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they can carry sensory info to the periphery
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what does the brain stem consist of?
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Pons, medulla and midbrain
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what makes up the fore brain?
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telecephalon and diencephalon
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what does diencephalon consist of?
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it consists of thalamus, hypothlamus and the retina
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what is the most caudal part of the brain?
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medulla, coming from the sp.chord, it is the first structure encountered
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whar originates from telencephalon?
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cereberal hemispheres and basa ganglia
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w/c ventricle is located at the level of diencephalon?
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3rd
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what is corpus collosum?
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it is white matter that connects the hemipspheres
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what ventricles are located below corpus collosum
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lateral ventricles
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how many lobes are there in the brain
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there are 4 lobes, frontal (most rostral), parietal. temporal, occipital (caudal)
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what does central sulcus eperate
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it seperates frontal lobe from parietal
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precentral gyrus
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motor cortex, upper motor neurons
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post central gyrus
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somato sensory cortex
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knocking out what type of neurons would cause pralysis as opposed to weakness and why?
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knocking out lower MN would cause paralysis b/c they synapse right on to the muscles,but the uppen motor neurons synapse on to the lower MN and that would cuase only weakness b/c your lower MN would function prorperly
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what's another name for sylvian fissure
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lateral sulcus
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where is visual cortex located
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occipital lobe
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whare is the learning and memory take place
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temporal lobe along w/auditory cortex
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what are of the brain is responsible for language
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wernickes
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where is cingulate gyrus located
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it is located in the limbic region
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what area of the brain is resposnible for emotions
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limbic region
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where is calcarine sulcus located
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it is located inside the visual cortex, inside occipital lobe
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what are the divisions of the temporal lobe
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3 parts
Sup. temporal gyrus, ITG, MTG |
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what region is responsible for face recognition?
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Inferior temporal gyrus of temporal lobe
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w/c region of the brain is responsible for auditry cortex
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STG
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what are the divisions of fronatl lobes
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3
inferior, superior, and middle fronatal gyrae |
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what are the different parts of the Inferior frontal gyrus?
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it is divided into pars trinangularis, opercularis, and orbitalis
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where is the Broca's area located? if severed?
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it is located in pars trinagularis of fronatl lobe, if severed it cause broca'a phagia= these ppl cannot form complete sentences
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what part of the brain is involved w/behavioral problem?
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preforntal lobe, located under pars orbitalis
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what is caused by right parietal lobe damage?
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a neglect of the left side, these ppl won't dress on the left side, they can look at the left side
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the central sulcus is seen better on the medial side or the lateral side?
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lateral view shows more of the central sulcus
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what does para central lobule do?
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it is responsible for the motor sensory function of the hands and feet
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what structure is involved w/Parkinson's disease
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substantia nigra
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what is the differnce b/t optic trac, nerve and chiam
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chiasms is in the center, optic n. receives axon for each eye separately. optic trac receives it from the both eyes, so if severed optic trac would cause the most damage
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where is the olfactory nerve located
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it is located in the nasal epithelia and not in the nasal tract or bulb, this is often mistaken
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if there was a hemorrhage in midbrain, would the person eyes be dilated?
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yes, b/c extra blood will push on the Uncus, w/c will push on the occulomotor nerve
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what is rostral, optic n or tract?
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optic nerve
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if we can see the medulla and the pons, w/c view is being observed?
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we would be observing the ventral view
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w/c view shows the mamallary bodies
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ventral
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what would see with the dorsal view
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caliculi and the pineal body
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what structures does the cerebellum attaches with
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sup, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncle
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what are peduncles used for
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they are fiber bundles that connect axons from cerebellum to brain stem and back
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cranial nerves are what NS
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PNS
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w/c cranial nerve are sensory
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1,2,8
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w/c cranial nerve are motor
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3,4,6,11,12
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w/c are both
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5,7,9,10
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w/c make parasympathetic NS
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3,7,9,10
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what are the names
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1olfactor, smell
2optic,sight 3occulomotor,constriction of the pupils 4trochlear, eye muscles superior oblique 5trigeminal, sensory sensation from face and mouth, muscles of mastication 6abducens, eye muscle. lateral rectus 7facial, expression facial muscles, taste from anterior tongue, lacrimal and salivary glands 8vetibulocochlear nerve, auditory 9glossopharyngeal, sensation from pharynx, taste posterior tongue, carotid baroreceptors, BP 10 vagus, sensation from pharynx, vocal chords,aortic barorecpetors 11spinal accessory nerve, shoulder and neck m 12hypoglossal n, tongue movements |
