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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do broadman areas 3,1,2 do?
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these are the sensory areas- post central gyrus
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what does broadman area 17 do?
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visual system
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what does broadman area 41 do?
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auditory
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what does broadman area 4 do?
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precentral gyrus- motor
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What does the dorsal stream carry?
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this is M, rod stream. movement
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What is the pathway of the dorsal stream?
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anterior 1/2 of visual cortex-> 17->18->middle temporal->7a (in a dorsal/superior direction)
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where does the dorsal stream get its thalamic input from?
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from layers 1-2 of the thalamus
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what does the ventral stream carry?
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this carries P info, from cone cells, layers 3-6 of the thalamus.
also the posterior portion of the visual cortex |
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what is the pathway of the ventral stream?
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a ventral/inferior pathway
17->18->19->37 temporal lobe |
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What broadman areas make up the visual association cortex?
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18,19, 37, and 7a
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What is the condition associated with lesions of brodmann areas 18/19?
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visual agnosia- pt sees objects but cannot identify them
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what is the condition associated with a right temporal lobe lesion?
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prosopagnosia- cant identify faces
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what is the general function of the left temporal lobe/frontal/ parietal lobes?
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language
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what is the general function of the right parietal lobe?
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spatial awareness and attention
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what is the general function of both frontal lobes?
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planning of behavior
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what are the clinical signs of right parietal lobe damage?
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hemineglect syndrome.
loss of spatial awareness construction apraxia aprosodia- inability to express/understand emotions |
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what are the clinical signs of left parietal lobe damage?
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language loss- aphasias
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what are the clinical signs of superolateral lesions of the prefrontal association cortex?
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diminish problem solving ability
- lack of ambition -lack of foresight - unreasonable stubborness -highly distractible |
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what are the clinical signs of inferior lesions of the prefrontal association cortex?
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altered emotions!
-lack of sense of responsibility -lack of social propriety |
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When is the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (frontal association cortex, inferior medial section) active?
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this is active during moral decision making.
damage here affect moral judgements |
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What physical structures are in brocas area?
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the frontal operculum
(pars orbitalis, pars triagnularis, pars opercularis) |
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What physical structures make up wernkies area?
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surpamarginal gyrus, angular gyrus.
in general, the posterior superior tremporal gyrus |
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what is agraphia?
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the inability to write
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what is alexia?
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this inability to read, without affecting the ability to wrtie
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what two types of damage can produce alexia?
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damage between wernkies area and brocas area, AND damage between visual cortex and wernkies area
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What are the signs of Brocas aphasia?
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this is motor/expressive aphasia. They comprehend, but cannot express via writing, speaking, or reading aloud.
no ability to repeat |
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what types of things can cause brocas aphasia?
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frontal MCA occlusion, tumor, damage to broadmann areas 44/45 (frontal operculum)
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what is dysarthria?
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the inability to contract muscles of the face and tongue related to speech
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What motor signs can be associated with brocas aphasia? why?
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this CAN have contralteral lower face/ upper limb weakness
Due to MCA damage distal to lenticulostriates (sparring Lower limb/thalamus) |
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What do the lenticulostriate arteries supply?
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the internal capsule and the somatomotor cortex outputs
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What physical structures are in brocas area?
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the frontal operculum
(pars orbitalis, pars triagnularis, pars opercularis) |
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What physical structures make up wernkies area?
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surpamarginal gyrus, angular gyrus.
in general, the posterior superior tremporal gyrus |
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what is agraphia?
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the inability to write
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what is alexia?
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this inability to read, without affecting the ability to wrtie
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what two types of damage can produce alexia?
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damage between wernkies area and brocas area, AND damage between visual cortex and wernkies area
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What are the signs of Brocas aphasia?
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this is motor/expressive aphasia. They comprehend, but cannot express via writing, speaking, or reading aloud.
no ability to repeat |
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what types of things can cause brocas aphasia?
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frontal MCA occlusion, tumor, damage to broadmann areas 44/45 (frontal operculum)
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what is dysarthria?
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the inability to contract muscles of the face and tongue related to speech
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What motor signs can be associated with brocas aphasia? why?
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this CAN have contralteral lower face/ upper limb weakness
Due to MCA damage distal to lenticulostriates (sparring Lower limb/thalamus) |
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What do the lenticulostriate arteries supply?
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the posterior internal capsule and the somatomotor cortex outputs
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what does the posterior internal capsule carry?
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corticospinal fibers (descending to lower motor neurons!)
and some sensory fibers |
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what are the broadmann areas in wernickes aphasia?
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22,39,40
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what are the signs of wernickes aphasia?
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this is receptive aphasia, pt cant understand language.
they lose comprehension, but are still fluent. repetition is lost as well |
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What other damage can occur with wernickes aphasia?
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there can be a contralateral homonyous hemianopia, if optic radiations are damaged
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what is damaged in conduction aphasia?
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the arcuate fasciculus, this is the connection between wernickes area and brocas area
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what are the clinical signs of conduction aphasia?
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comprehension and fluency are spared, but can have difficulty finding specific words.
trouble writing or reading aloud. Repetition is lost |
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what is damaged in global aphasia?
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all of the left hemisphere, takes out brocas area, wernickes area, and arcuate fasciculus as well.
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what are the clinical signs of global aphasia?
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Loss of comprehension and fluency, loss of virtually all language. trouble speaking, writing, reading aloud, and repetition
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what event usually causes damage in the pericentral aphasias?
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hypotension
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what is spared in all pericentral aphasias, but lost in all central aphasias?
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repetition of words
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Where is the damage located for transcortical motor aphasias?
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this is anterior and superior to brocas area in the frontal lobe.
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what are the signs of transcoritcal motor aphasia?
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unable to speak fluently, but comprehension is ok.
trouble speaking, writing, or reading aloud repetition is ok |
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what kind of motor signs are associated with transcortical motor aphasia?
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can produce contralateral paralysis (just like brocas aphasia), damage to posterior limb of internal capsule
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where is the damage in transcortical sensory aphasia?
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lesion at temproal-occiptal junction, posterior and inferior to wernikes area
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what are the signs of transcortical sensory aphasia?
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loss of comprehension, but fluency spared, trouble reading or writing aloud, repetition is ok!
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what other symptoms can be associated with transcortical sensory aphasia?
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partial visual field deficits, meyers loop destruction (superior quadrantanopia)
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where is the damage in anomic aphasia?
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this is in the parietal-temporal-occipital junction (posterior and superior to wernikes area)
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what are the signs of anomic aphasia?
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comprehension and fluency are ok, but some difficulty finding specific words, especially names.
trouble writing or reading aloud |
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where is the damage in isolation aphasia?
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the is the full watershead area damage
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what are the signs of isolation aphasia?
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loss of comprehension and fluency, trouble speaking writing, reading aloud, full language loss.
repetition OK! lol |
