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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Action Potential
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The kind of electrical signal used by neurons. Also known as "nerve impulse". They do not diminish over distance./
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Excitable Membrane
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The cellular membrane that allows for the generation and conduction of action potentials.
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Resting Membrane Potential
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The difference in charge across the excitable membrane in a neuron that is at rest (the inside is negatively charged)
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Three Main Players in establishing the resting potential
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Cytosol and Extracellular Fluid, The Membrane, the Proteins that Span the Membrane
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Ions
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Electrically charged atoms or molecules (have a net electrical charge)
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What is the most important property of the water molecule (for our purposes?)
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Its Uneven Distribution of electrical charge
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Covalent Bond
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A Bond in which electrons are shared
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What kind of bond holds together H2O?
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Polar Covalent Bond
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Ionic Bond
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Holds atoms together through attraction of oppositely charged atoms.
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Spheres of Hydration
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Clouds of Water that surround each ion (happens when NaCl dissolves in water.
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Monovalent
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When the difference between the number of protons and electrons is 1, the ion is monovalent.
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Divalent
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When the difference between protons and electrons is 2
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Ions with net positive charge
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cations
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Anions
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Ions with net negative charge
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The important ions for cellular neurophysiology:
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monovalent cations: Na and K
divalent cation Ca2 (Calcium) Monovalent anion Cl (Chloride) |
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Hydrophilic
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Substances that have uneven electrical charges, and therefore, that will dissolve in water
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Hydrophobic
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Substances that have nonpolar bonds: electrons are shared evenly, and so no net electrical charge is acquired. Therefore, will not dissolve in water.
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The Main Chemical Building Blocks of cell membranes
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phospholipids
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Phospholipid Design
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Long hydrophobic chains of carbon bonded to hydrogen. Has a hydrophilic phosphate group attached to one end of the molecule
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Protein Structure is determined by varius combinations of ___ amino acids.
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20
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