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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Structure unique to mammals
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Neocortex
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Anatomical References
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Front: Rostral/ anterior
Back: Caudal/ posterior Top: Dorsal Bottom: Ventral towards midline: Medial Towards side: Lateral |
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Anatomical Sections
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Saggital : Left and Right
Horizontal: Top and Bottom Coronal: Front and Back |
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Saggital fissure
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Separates the two hemispheres.
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Cerebrum
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Contralateral
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Cerebellum
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Ipsilateral movement control center
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Cranial nerves
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Olfactory I : Sense of Smell
Optic II : sensation of vision Occulomotor III: movement of eye, eyelid & pupil size Trochlear IV : movements of eyes Trigeminal V: sensation of touch to the face & chewing Abducens VI: movement of eyes Facial VII : movements of facial expression, sensation of some parts of tongue Auditory VIII: hearing and balance Glossopharyngeal IX: throat Vagus X: heart, lungs, muscles, abdominal organs Spinal Accessory XI: movements of muscles in neck and throat Hypoglossal XII: tongue |
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Spinal Cord
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Major conduit of information from skin, joints, muscles of body and vice versa
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internal capsule
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the white matter system that connects the cortex with the brain stem, especially the thalamus
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importance of forebrain
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it is the seat of consciousness, cognition and higher thinking
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Raphae nuclei
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serotonergic
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Substantia niagra
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dopaminergic
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gateway to the cerebral cortex
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thalamus
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thalamus is connected to cortex by?
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internal capsule white matter
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basal ganglia
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it is collection of cells in the basal telencephelon. basal telencephelon is the second type of gray matter in the brain. basal ganglia is related to the voluntary movement.
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amygdala
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fear and emotion
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hypothalamus
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controls the visceral or the autonomic nervous system
PSNS and SNS Also dierects pituatory glannd |
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Parts of forebrain
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cerebral cortex
optic nerves retina olfactory bulbs thalamus hypothalamus internal capsule cortical white matter corpus collossum. lateral ventricle third ventricle basal telencephelon |
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midbrain
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tectum
tegmentum cerebral aqueduct red nuclei substantia nigra |
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secondary divisions of the mid brain
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tectum is divided into superior coliculus for vision
and inferior colliculus for hearing the tegementum is divided into red nucleus and substantia nigra which control voluntary movement. |
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hind brain
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cerebellum
pons medulla |
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cerebellum and medulla
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- metencephelon
-myencephelon |
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Fourth ventricle
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CSF filled tube in the hind brain becomes the fourth ventricle
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medullary pyramids
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found in the medulla
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functions of hind brain
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voluntary movement and control of ANS
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Cerebellum
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it is the main center for movement control
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pons
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relays information from cerebral cortex
it is a massive switchboard connecting cortex to the cerebellum |
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damage to cerebellum
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results in uncoordinated and inaccurate movements
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where do 90% of the descending neurons synapse?
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in the pons
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cochlear nuclei
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present in the medulla
damage results in deafness |
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medulla other functions
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also deals with touch and taste
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gyri
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bumps on the surface of the brain
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sulci
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grooves on the surface of the brain
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medullary pyramids
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found in the medulla
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functions of hind brain
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voluntary movement and control of ANS
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Cerebellum
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it is the main center for movement control
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pons
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relays information from cerebral cortex
it is a massive switchboard connecting cortex to the cerebellum |
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damage to cerebellum
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results in uncoordinated and inaccurate movements
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where do 90% of the descending neurons synapse?
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in the pons
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cochlear nuclei
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present in the medulla
damage results in deafness |
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medulla other functions
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also deals with touch and taste
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gyri
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bumps on the surface of the brain
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sulci
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grooves on the surface of the brain
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size of human cortex
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1100 centimeter square
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layer I
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the upper layer of the cortex is seperated from the pia matter by a zone called Layer I, which does not have any neurons
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hippocampus
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it is a structure medial to the lateral ventricle, and is made of a single layer of cell.
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neocortex
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it is unique to mammals
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olfactory cortex
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made of two cell layers
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meaning of expansion of cerebral cortex
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means that neocortex has expanded throughout evolution
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John Kaas
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expansion of cortex
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Krubitzer
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primary sensory areas
secondary sensory areas motor areas |
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association cortex
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interpreting of our own behavior
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Area 17,18,19
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Visual cortex
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Area 41
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Gustatory cortex
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