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28 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Cell Body (Soma)
coordinates the information-processing tasks and keeps the cell alive
major types of neurons
-sensory neurons
receive info form external world and convey info to brain via spinal chord
major types of neurons
-motor neurons
carry signals form spinal cord
major types of neurons
-interneurons
connect sensory neurons, motor neurons, or other interneurons
action potential
electric signal that is conducted along the length of a neuron's axon to the synapse

all-or-none, must reach a certain threshold, does not increase potential by getting more above threshold
electric signaling
conducting info within a neuron
chemical signaling
transmission between neurons
neurotransmitter
chemicals that transmit across the synapse to receiving neuron's dendrites
receptors
parts of the cell membrane that receive neurotransmitters and initiate or prevent a new electrical signal
Drugs- Agonists
drugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter
drugs- antagonists
drugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
connects the central nervous system to the body's organs and muscles
spinal cord
breathing, pain, movement, and other functions
brain- lower vs higher regions
lower= simpler tasks
higher= complex tasks
brain parts
-hindbrain
coordinates info coming into and out of spinal cord
brain parts
-midbrain
coordinates orientation and movement in environment and contributes to arousal
brain parts
-forebrain
highest level of brain, controls complex cognitive, emotional, sensory, and motor functions

thalamus- relays and filters info from the senses and transmits info to the cerebral cortex

hypothalamus- regulates body temp, hunger, thirst, sex behavior

limbic system- group of forebrain that is involved in motivation, emotion, learning, and memory

hippocampus- critical to creating new memories and integrating into network of knowledge

amygdala- part of hippocampus and plays central role in emotional processes, particulary formation of emotional memories

pituitary gland- master gland which releases hormones that direct functions of other glands
cerebral cortex
separated into two hemispheres which have four lobes
cerebral cortex parts
-occipital lobe
region in back of brain that processes visual info
cerebral cortex parts
-parietal lobe
front of occipital lobe and carries out functions such as touch
cerebral cortex parts
-temporal lobe
hearing and language
cerebral cortex parts
-frontal lobe
movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, judgment
homunculus
rendering of body in which each part show is in proportion to the representation in the somatosensory or motor cortex
brain plasticity
brain is plastic, functions that were assigned to certain areas of the brain may be capable of being reassigned to other areas
ontogeny
how the brain develops within an individual
phylogeny
how the brain developed within a particular species
split-brain procedure
language where?
surgical severing of the corpus callosum
-allowed us to learn that language is usually handled in left hemisphere