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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cell Body (Soma)
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coordinates the information-processing tasks and keeps the cell alive
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major types of neurons
-sensory neurons |
receive info form external world and convey info to brain via spinal chord
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major types of neurons
-motor neurons |
carry signals form spinal cord
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major types of neurons
-interneurons |
connect sensory neurons, motor neurons, or other interneurons
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action potential
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electric signal that is conducted along the length of a neuron's axon to the synapse
all-or-none, must reach a certain threshold, does not increase potential by getting more above threshold |
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electric signaling
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conducting info within a neuron
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chemical signaling
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transmission between neurons
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neurotransmitter
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chemicals that transmit across the synapse to receiving neuron's dendrites
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receptors
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parts of the cell membrane that receive neurotransmitters and initiate or prevent a new electrical signal
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Drugs- Agonists
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drugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter
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drugs- antagonists
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drugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter
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central nervous system
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brain and spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system
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connects the central nervous system to the body's organs and muscles
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spinal cord
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breathing, pain, movement, and other functions
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brain- lower vs higher regions
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lower= simpler tasks
higher= complex tasks |
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brain parts
-hindbrain |
coordinates info coming into and out of spinal cord
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brain parts
-midbrain |
coordinates orientation and movement in environment and contributes to arousal
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brain parts
-forebrain |
highest level of brain, controls complex cognitive, emotional, sensory, and motor functions
thalamus- relays and filters info from the senses and transmits info to the cerebral cortex hypothalamus- regulates body temp, hunger, thirst, sex behavior limbic system- group of forebrain that is involved in motivation, emotion, learning, and memory hippocampus- critical to creating new memories and integrating into network of knowledge amygdala- part of hippocampus and plays central role in emotional processes, particulary formation of emotional memories pituitary gland- master gland which releases hormones that direct functions of other glands |
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cerebral cortex
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separated into two hemispheres which have four lobes
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cerebral cortex parts
-occipital lobe |
region in back of brain that processes visual info
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cerebral cortex parts
-parietal lobe |
front of occipital lobe and carries out functions such as touch
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cerebral cortex parts
-temporal lobe |
hearing and language
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cerebral cortex parts
-frontal lobe |
movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, judgment
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homunculus
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rendering of body in which each part show is in proportion to the representation in the somatosensory or motor cortex
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brain plasticity
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brain is plastic, functions that were assigned to certain areas of the brain may be capable of being reassigned to other areas
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ontogeny
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how the brain develops within an individual
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phylogeny
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how the brain developed within a particular species
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split-brain procedure
language where? |
surgical severing of the corpus callosum
-allowed us to learn that language is usually handled in left hemisphere |