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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The dorsal columns are fiber tracts associated with
a. pain b. discriminative touch c. proprioception d. a,b & c e. b & c |
E
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The lateral corticospinal tract
a. begins in the spinal cord and ascends to the cerebral cortex b. arises from the cerebral cortical hemisphere of the same side which it represents in the spinal cord c. arises from the cerebral cortical hemisphere of the opposite side which it lies in the spinal cord d. ascends from the spinal cord to the cerebellar cortex |
C
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The lateral spinothalamic tract
a. descends from the thalamus b. is the primary ascending pathway for pain c. lies within the gray matter of the spinal cord d. ascends as an uncrossed pathway |
B
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The cell bodies of the first order sensory neurons of spinal nerves are located in what specific region?
a. cerebral cortex b. dorsal gray horn c. dorsal root ganglion d. ventral gray horn |
C
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The second order cell (bodies) of the dorsal column medial lemniscus system are found?
a. in the nucleus dorsalis of Clarke b. in the lateral funiculus c. in the dorsal root ganglion d. in the nucleus gracilis and cuneatus |
D
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The tectospinal pathway is associated with
a. cortical arousal b. initiation of motor activity c. synergy of muscular activity d. coordinating trunk posture with head movement as a result of visual and auditory stimuli |
D
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The rubrospinal pathway is associated with?
a. cortical arousal b. the reticular formation c. postural musculature of the head and neck d. quadrapedal movement |
D
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The anterior spinothalamic tract
a. is associated only with the transmission of painful stimuli b. is associated with touch c. is an uncrossed pathway d. is a descending pathway |
B
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A laceration of the spinal cord, just into its lateral surface would most likely injure?
a. motor cell populations b. sensory cell populations c. ascending tracts d. descending tracts |
B
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The fasciculus cuneatus and fasiculus gracilis are separated by?
a. dorsal median sulcus b. dorsolateral sulcus c. sulcus limitans d. dorsal intermediate sulcus |
D
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All of these are associated with exteroceceptors except?
a. pain sensation b. temperature sensation c. pH receptors d. vision |
C
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I-a fibers represent?
a. fibers which innervate extrafuscal skeletal muscle b. golgi tendon organ afferents c. muscle spindle afferents d. pain fibers |
C
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Most 3rd order sensory cell populations for regions below the head and neck are located?
a. in the cerebral cortex b. in the ventroposterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus c. in the nucleus gracilis d. in the mesencephalic nucleus of V |
B
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Ataxia is a loss of muscular coordination. Injury to which of these would most likely lead to ataxia:
1. lateral spinothalamic tract 2. posterior spinocerebellar tract 3. reticulospinal tract 4. dorsal columns |
2 & 4
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All of the following are associated with the reticular formation except:
a. cortical arousal b. sleep-awake cycles c. evaluation to the quality of sensory stimuli d. head posture due to audio or visual stimuli |
D
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Anterior horn cells, alpha motoneurons and final common pathway all describe cells of which lamina?
a. II b. V c. VIII d. IX |
D
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What type of neuronal info typically travels in the dorsolateral tract of Lissauer?
a. proprioreception b. descending motor c. pain related pathways d. discriminative touch |
C
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Which of the following pathways is an uncrossed pathway?
a. posterior spinocerebellar tract b. lateral spinothalamic tract c. dorsal column medial lemniscal tract d. lateral corticospinal tract |
A
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Muscle spindle receptors receive motor information directly from?
a. I-a fibers b. gamma motoneurons c. alpha motoneurons d. C- fibers |
B
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What NT substance release by Renshaw cells turns off alpha motoneurons?
a. ACh b. NE c. Glycine d. Glutamate |
C
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The vestibulospinal tract is associated with what function?
a. increases the tone of antigravity muscles when the head is tilted b. move the head toward a visual stimulus c. initiate motor activity in all skeletal muscles d. coordinate motor activity of arms and legs simultaneously |
A
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The lateral corticospinal tract crosses over to the contralateral side in what region?
a. medial lemniscus b. anterior commissure c. medullary pyramids d. thalamus |
C
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The fasiculus gracilis
a. is composed of fibers from 1st order neurons b. is composed of fibers from 2nd order neurons c. crosses over to the opposite side in the anterior commissure d. is composed of fibers of 3rd order neurons |
A
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I-b afferent fibers come from?
a. muscle spindles b. alpha motoneurons c. golgi tendon organs d. pain receptors |
C
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The pre-central and post-central gyri of the cerebral cortex are arranged somatotopically into an inervated, distorted, humanoid figure called a
a. homoanym b. hologram c. papez's circuites d. homunculus |
D
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The most recent portions of the cerebral cortex to evolve contain how many cell layers?
a. 2 b. 3 c. 6 d. 10 |
C
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Broadman's area 3, 1, 2 is also known as
a. primary motor cortex b. primary sensory cortex c. emotional cortex d. angular gyrus |
B
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The cuneocerebellar tract is specifically associated with
a. the lower leg b. the upper extremity c. temperature d. the dorsal columns |
B
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3rd order cell bodies for the reception of pain from the head are found in?
a. primary sensory cortex b. ventroposteriomedial nucleus of the thalamus c. ventroposteriolateral nucleus of the thalamus d. cerebellum |
B
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The annulospiral beginning of I-a fiber wraps around?
a. a motor end plate b. the nuclear bag and nuclear chain c. muscle tendons d. dorsal root ganglia |
B
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The corticobulbar portion of the pyramidal tract is associated with the innervation of?
a. muscles of the lower extremity b. muscles of the upper extremity c. muscles of the trunk d. muscles of the head |
D
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All of the following is characteristic of a generator potential except?
a. they are graded b. they decay with time c. they may adapt to repetitive stimuli d. they are all or none |
D
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A lesion of the lateral corticospinal tract above the medulla would be?
a. ipsilateral b. contralateral c. bi-lateral d. segmental |
B
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The raphespinal pathway has an effect on modification pain transmission due to the release of its neurotransmitter
a. ACh b. NE c. GABA d. Serotonin |
D
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All of the following are transmitter like substances which can enhance the effect of nociceptive stimuli, except?
a. serotonin b. bradykinin c. substance P d. histamine e. prostoglandins |
A
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Endorphins are naturally occuring peptides which
a. mimic the effects of heroin b. open the pain gate c. are extracted from dopamine d. cause increased swelling in sites of tissue damage e. enhance analgesia |
E
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Afferent fibers from muscle spindles, simultaneously excite a interneuron which stimulates the alpha motoneuron of the agonists extrafuscal muscle fibers while at the same time exciting an interneuron which inhibits the alpha motoneuron of the antagonist's extrafusal fibers. This process is called?
a. reciprocal inhibition b. reciprocal excitation c. autogenic inhibition d. autogenic excitation |
A
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The outermost homogentetic cortical layer is called
a. external pyramidal b. multiform c. external granualr d. molecular |
D
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The most common cell type in layer V of the cerebral motor cortex?
a. martinotti cells b. horizontal cells of cahal c. large pyramidal cells d. stellate cells |
C
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All of the following would be a sign of lower motoneuron damage except?
a. spasticity b. areflexia c. flacid paralysis d. muscle wasting |
A
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The majority of the cortex can be described as performing which function?
a. motor control b. sensory reception c. visual processing d. interpretation of input e. taking up space |
D
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The source for most/all of the dopaminergic synapses in the brain is the
a. raphe b. area postrema c. locus coeruleus d. substantia nigra e. pineal gland |
D
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Which class of drugs exert their effects by blocking dopamine receptors?
a. stimulants b. antidepressants c. anxiolytics d. antipyschotics e. antihypertensives |
D
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the limbic system?
a. thalamus b. temporal cortex c. fornix d. septal nuclei e. all are part of limbic system |
E
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Which of the following sensory modalities is most potent in providing positive feedback to the RAS?
a. pain b. proprioception c. vision d. all of above e. a & b, but not c |
C
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Theta waves are present during
a. the alert state b. alertness, but with eyes closed c. Stage I sleep d. Stage II sleep e. Deep sleep |
C
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Which is false
a. it takes about 90 minutes after falling asleep to have the first REM segment b. As we age, we dream for a smaller % of sleep time c. It is easier to awaken a person during REM sleep than during deep sleep d. Each subsequent dream segment tends to be longer than the one before e. All are correct |
C
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