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136 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Persistent embyronic ICA to vertebrobasilar connections
|
trigeminal (#1)
hypoglossal otic proatlantic artery |
|
Intraaxial hemorrhage
|
HTN (#1)
tumor, trauma AVM/aneurysm coagulopathy, amyloid angiopathy emboli hemorrhagic infarction vasculitis |
|
Aneurysm
(class by shape) |
saccular - degen, trauma, mycotic, vasculopathy
fusiform - atherosclerotic dissecting - trauma > vasculopathy > spontaneous |
|
SAH
|
aneurysm (#1)
trauma AVM coagulopathy extension of parenchymal bleed idiopathic spinal AVM |
|
Vascular malformations
|
AVM
capillary telangiectasia cavernous malformation venous anomaly vein of Galen AVM or varix |
|
Stroke - causes
|
atherosclerosis
cardiac emboli arterial dissection, vasculopathy IVDA venous thrombosis blood dyscrasias |
|
Venous sinus thrombosis
|
pregnancy
dehydration infection tumor hypercoagulable state trauma |
|
Primary brain injury
|
epidural hematoma
SDH subdural hygroma DAI cortical contusion |
|
Secondary brain injury
|
cerebral herniation
diffuse cerebral edema arterial diss (spont, trauma, HTN, vasculopathy, migraine, IVDA) CCF |
|
Extraaxial masses (hemisphere)
|
meningioma
mets lymphoma arachnoid cyst dermoid/epidermoid fluid (blood or pus) hemangiopericytoma |
|
Extraaxial masses (clivus/prepontine cistern)
|
meningioma
mets chordoma chondrosarcoma |
|
Intraaxial masses (hemisphere)
|
astrocytoma / GBM
oligodendro/ganglio -glioma lymphoma mets PNET and DNET |
|
Intraaxial masses
(sella) |
adenoma
craniopharyngioma Rathke’s cyst mets abscess sarcoid EG stalk |
|
Intraaxial masses
(brainstem) |
astrocytoma
GBM |
|
Intraaxial masses
(pineal region) |
germinoma
teratoma pineocytoma pineoblastoma |
|
Intraaxial masses
(cerebellum) |
astrocytoma
medulloblastoma hemangioblastoma mets ependymoma choroid plexus papilloma |
|
Intraaxial masses
(temporal lobe in young patient) |
ganglioglioma
DNET JPA PXA |
|
Multiple lesions
|
TUMOR
mets, GBM, lymphoma INFECTION abscess, fungus, cysticercosis, toxo VASCULAR embolic infarcts, multifocal bleed, DAI, contusions, cav. hemangiomas, vasculitis |
|
Corpus callosum lesions
|
TUMOR - GBM, lymphoma, lipoma, mets (rare)
DEMYELINATING - MS, ADEM, PML INFARCT- always involves cingulate gyrus TRAUMA- DAI |
|
Intrasellar masses
|
pituitary adenoma
apoplexy craniopharyngioma Rathke’s cyst mets aneurysm abscess lymphocytic hypophysitis |
|
Suprasellar masses
(mnemonic full list) |
SATCHMOE -
- Sellar lesion / sarcoid - Aneurysm, arachnoid cyst - Teratoma - Craniopharyngioma - Hypothalamic glioma - Mets, meningioma - Optic nerve glioma - EG, epidermoid/dermoid |
|
Posterior fossa tumors (adults)
|
mets
hemangioblastoma astrocytoma choroid plexus papilloma meningioma epidermoid dysplastic gangliocytoma |
|
Posterior fossa tumors (children)
|
JPA
medulloblastoma brainstem glioma ependymoma |
|
Brain tumor in infant
|
teratoma (#1)
PNET choroid plexus papilloma astrocytoma |
|
Intraventricular tumors (adults)
|
astrocytoma
subependymoma meningioma mets cysticercosis |
|
CPA mass
|
SAME
Schwannoma (acoustic) Aneurysm, Arachnoid cyst Meningioma, Mets Epidermoid, Ependymoma |
|
Cystic mass
benign and tumor ddx's |
TUMOR - cystic astrocytoma/ GBM, hemangioblastoma, mets, necrotic pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma
BENIGN - epidermoid/dermoid, arachnoid cyst, porencephalic cyst, colloid cyst, cavum variants, Rathke’s cyst, thrombosed aneurysm |
|
Diffuse infiltrative
|
lymphoma
gliomatosis cerebri white matter disease |
|
Restricted diffusion
|
infarct
infection possibly subacute hemorrhage |
|
Metastasis (intraaxial)
|
lung
breast colon melanoma |
|
Metastasis (extraaxial)
|
breast
lymphoma prostate neuroblastoma |
|
Brain metastasis (hemorrhagic)
|
melanoma
renal chorioCA thyroid |
|
Tumors with CSF seeding
|
choroid plexus papilloma
ependymoma PNET (medulloblastoma) pineoblastoma germinoma GBM |
|
Hyperdense lesion on CT
|
lymphoma, medulloblastoma/PNET
ependymoma, germinoma, GBM hemorrhagic or mucinous mets osteogenic tumor hemorrhage, aneurysm meningioma, colloid cyst |
|
Calcified intraparenchymal lesions
|
--oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, mucinous adenoCA, osteogenic sarcoma
--toxo, CMV, cysticercosis, TB --AVM, aneurysm, TS, Sturge-Weber, hematoma sellar lesions - meningioma, craniopharyngioma, germ cell tumor, aneurysm |
|
T2 hypointense lesions
|
ferritin, hemosiderin, deoxyhemoglobin, intracellular methemoglobin
melanin, calcification, fibrous tissue, high protein concentration lymphoma, myeloma, neuroblastoma, meningioma, flow void |
|
T1 hyperintense lesions
|
Gd
methemoglobin, melanin, certain states of calcium fat (dermoid) high protein concentration (colloid cyst) slow flow |
|
Differential of choroid plexus mass
|
Papilloma
Carcinoma Hemangioma Xanthogranuloma Metastasis |
|
Lesions with strong enhancement
|
meningioma
medulloblastoma/PNET paraganglioma HIV-associated lymphoma GBM AVM / aneurysm |
|
Ring enhancement
|
GBM, mets, lymphoma
Infarct, contusion, bleed (resolving) Abscess, AIDS RTX Demyelinating disease |
|
Diffuse meningeal enhancement
|
meningitis
carcinomatosis (lymphoma,mets) post-op SAH intracranial hypotension CSF leak |
|
Basilar meningeal enhancement
|
INFECTION - TB (#1), fungal, pyogenic (more common on convexity), cysticercosis
TUMOR - lymphoma, leukemia, carcinomatosis INFLAMMATORY- sarcoid, rheumatoid pachymeningitis, drugs, pantopaque, ruptured dermoid |
|
Ependymal enhancement
|
TUMOR - lymphoma, mets, CSF seeding (PNET, GBM)
INFECTION- spread of meningitis, CMV (rare) INFLAMMATORY- ventriculitis (postshunt or after instrumentation), posthemorrhage |
|
T2 hypointense basal ganglia lesions
|
old age
any degenerative dz(MS, Parkinson’s) childhood hypoxia |
|
T2 hyperintense basal ganglia lesions
|
-TUMOR- lymphoma, NF
-ISCHEMIA- hypoxic encephalopathy, venous infarct -NEURODEGENERATIVE dz (uncommon), Leigh’s dz -TOXIN- CO, CN, H2S, hypoglycemia, methanol -INFECTION- Crypto, parasites |
|
T1 hyperintense basal ganglia lesions
|
dystrophic Ca++(any cause)
hepatic failure NF manganese |
|
Basal ganglia calcification
|
- Physiologic (#1)
- Hyperparathyroidism - TORCH, AIDS, TB, toxo, cysticercosis (common) - Lead, CO, RTX, chemo - Fahr’s disease - Mitochondrial (common) - Ischemic-hypoxic injury |
|
White matter disease
|
-DEMYELINATING (MS, ADEM, CPM)
-DYSMYELINATING Leukodystrophies -TUMOR (lymphoma, mets) -INFLAMMATORY (Lyme, sarcoid, HIV, PML, CMV) -VASCULOPATHY (sm vessel ischemia, vasculitis, HTN, eclampsia, migraines, RTX, chemo, cyclosporine, IVDA) |
|
Wallerian degeneration
|
infarction
trauma demyelinating radiation neurodegenerative tumor |
|
Neurodegenerative disorders
|
WM - demyelinating, dysmyelinating
GM - Alzheimer’s, Pick’s, multiinfarct dementia, Parkinson’s, lysosomal storage disorders, Wernicke’s, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, mesial temporal sclerosis BG - Huntington’s, Wilson’s, Fahr’s, Leigh’s, ALS |
|
Cerebellar atrophy
|
oligopontocerebellar degeneration
alcohol dilantin hemosiderin deposition |
|
Noncommunicating hydrocephalus
|
Foramen of Monro obstruction:
3rd V mass, colloid cyst, oligodendroglioma, central neurocytoma, SEGA, ependymoma, suprasellar mass aqueduct obstruction: cong aqueductal stenosis, ventriculitis, IVH, tumor (mesencephalic, pineal, post 3rd ventr) 4th ventricle obstr: DW malf, IVH, infection, subependymoma, exophytic brainstem glioma, posterior fossa mass |
|
Communicating hydrocephalus
|
meningitis (infectious, carcinomatous), SAH, surgery, venous thrombosis; NPH
|
|
Cystic supratentorial congenital anomalies
|
holoprosencephaly, hydrancephaly, aqueductal stenosis, callosal dysgenesis, porencephaly, arachnoid cyst, cystic teratoma, epidermoid/dermoid, vein of Galen AVM
|
|
Posterior fossa cystic abnormalities
|
- DW malformation (vermian hypo/aplasia and large post fossa)
- DW variant (normal post fossa and vermian hypoplasia) - megacisterna magna (nl vermis) - retrocerebellar arachnoid cyst (must show mass effect) - Chiari 4 (near complete absence of cerebellum) - epidermoid/ dermoid - cystic tumor - Joubert’s syndrome (superior vermian hypo/aplasia) - rhomboencephalosynapsis (vermian hypo/aplasia + fusion) |
|
Absent septum pellucidum
|
holoprosencephaly
ACC septooptic dysplasia Chiari 2 |
|
Migration and sulcation anomalies
|
lissencephaly, schizencephaly, polymicrogyria, pachygyria, cortical heterotopia (focal, diffuse, subependymal), hemimegalencephaly
|
|
Phakomatoses
|
NF
-I :fibromas, CN2 gliomas, sphenoid dysplasia -II :MISME, bilat CN8 neuroma TS -Hamartomas, Tubers, SEGA, WM lesions; +renal, bone, lung dz VHL -hemangioblastomas (cerebellum, stem, retina), renal (CA+cysts), adrenal (pheo), pancreas (cysts, CA, islet tumors) Sturge-Weber -tram-track Ca++ of cortex, leptomeningeal angiomas (p>o>f lobes), big choroid plexus |
|
Diffuse marrow involvement
|
mets, myeloma
lymphoma, leukemia anemia Paget’s FD |
|
Spinal cord compression
|
criteria
- no CSF around cord, AP diam (<7mm), cord deformed causes - infection (TB, pyogenic) - compression fx(CA, trauma) - spondylosis /disk dz (HNP, hypertrophy of ligaments, osteophyte, FJD) - primary bone d/o(Paget’s) - epidural hematoma |
|
Spinal lesion
Intramedullary |
TUMOR
-astrocytoma (#1), ependymoma (#2) -hemangioblastoma, lymphoma, mets (rare) DEMYELINATING dz/myelitis SYRINX AVM TRAUMA(contusion)/ RTX sarcoid |
|
Spinal Lesion:
Intradural extramedullary |
-nerve sheath tumor (#1)
-meningioma, mets (drop) -lipoma, teratoma -arachnoid cyst -arachnoiditis/meningitis -AVM/AVF |
|
Spinal lesion
Extradural |
-Disc disease (fragment, discitis)
-mets, lymphoma -epidural abscess or hematoma -lipomatosis (thoracic) -synovial cyst extramedullary hematopoiesis Tarlov cyst |
|
Syrinx
|
Primary:
- Chiari malformations - spinal dysraphism - Dandy-Walker - diastematomyelia Acquired: - tumor (astrocytoma, ependymoma) - trauma (spinal cord injury, vascular insult) - inflammatory (arachnoiditis/ meningitis, SAH) |
|
External auditory canal
|
exostoses, malignant otitis externa, atresia
|
|
Clivus mass
|
chordoma
chondrosarcoma plasmacytoma mets, lymphoma FD EG |
|
Petrous apex mass
|
cholesterol granuloma
mucocele petrous apicitis epidermoid mets, myeloma chondrosarcoma meningioma aneurysm |
|
Soft tissue mass in middle ear
|
cholesteatoma
cholesterol granuloma glomus tympanicum tumor aberrant ICA high or dehiscent jugular bulb |
|
Intracanalicular IAC masses
|
exclusively intracanalicular
- acoustic neuroma - facial neuroma - hemangioma - lipoma not primarily intracanalicular - meningioma - epidermoid |
|
Hearing loss
|
conductive
- otitis media - cholesteatoma - otosclerosis - trauma (longitudinal fx) sensorineural - idiopathic hereditary - acoustic neuroma - trauma (transverse fracture) |
|
Pulsatile tinnitus
|
aberrant ICA, jugular bulb anomalies, glomus jugulare, glomus tympanicum, AVM, ICA aneurysm at petrous apex
|
|
Jugular fossa mass
|
glomus jugulare (#1), NF (#2), schwannoma, chondrosarcoma, mets
|
|
Orbital masses by etiology
|
tumor
lymphoma, mets (neuroblastoma, breast), lymphangioma, rhabdomyosarc, hemangiopericytoma, neurofibroma, dermoid inflammatory pseudotumor, thyroid ophthalmopathy, cellulitis, abscess, Wegener’s vascular carotid-cavernous fistula, venous varix, thrombosis of superior ophthalmic vein, hemangioma (old: cavernous; kids: capillary) trauma hematoma, FB, lens dislocation |
|
Extraconal disease in the orbit
|
* Nasal dz: infection, cancer
* Orbital bone dz: subperiosteal abscess, osteomyelitis, FD, tumors, trauma * Sinus dz: mucocele, invasive infections, neoplasm * Lacrimal gland dz: adenitis, lymphoma, pseudotumor, tumor |
|
Intraconal disease
|
well-defined margins - hemangioma, schwannoma, orbital varix, meningioma
ill-defined margins - pseudotumor, infection, lymphoma, mets muscle enlargement - pseudotumor, Graves’, myositis, carotid-cavernous fistula |
|
Vascular orbital lesions
|
tumor -
hemangioma, lymphangioma, hemangioendothelioma, hemangiopericytoma, meningioma, hypervascular mets vascular (enlarged sup ophthalmic vn) - carotid cavernous fistula, cavernous thrombosis, orbital varix, ophthalmic artery aneurysm |
|
Optic neuritis
|
abnormal T2 signal and enhancement but not enlarged - MS, sarcoid, infection
|
|
Optic neuropathy
|
abnormal T2 signal only - compression, ischemia, pharmacologic, toxins, trauma
|
|
Optic nerve tumor
|
* glioma
* meningioma abnormal T2 signal and enhancement and nerve enlarged |
|
Optic nerve sheath enlargement
|
TUMOR- CN2 glioma, meningioma, meningeal carcinomatosis, mets, lymphoma, leukemia
INFLAMMATORY- optic neuritis, pseudotumor, sarcoid increased ICP TRAUMA- hematoma |
|
Tramtrack enhancement of orbital nerve
|
optic nerve meningioma
optic neuritis idiopathic pseudotumor sarcoid lymphoma, leukemia perioptic hemorrhage mets normal variant |
|
Ocular muscle enlargement
|
thyroid ophthalmopathy (#1, painless)
pseudotumor (painful) infection from adj sinus TB, sarcoid carotid cavernous fistula hemorrhage |
|
Orbital mass in a child
|
LO VISON
Leukemia Optic nerve glioma Vascular (hemangioma) Inflammation Sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma Ophthalmopathy/pseudotumor Neuroblastoma |
|
Adult orbital masses
|
hemangioma
schwannoma melanoma meningioma lymphoma pseudotumor trauma |
|
Cystic orbital lesions
|
dermoid, epidermoid, teratoma, ABC, cholesterol granuloma, colobomatous cyst
|
|
T1 hyperintense orbital masses
|
tumor - melanoma, retinoblastoma, choroidal mets, hemangioma; detachment - Coat’s disease, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, trauma; other - hemorrhage, phthisis bulbi
|
|
Globe calcifications
|
tumor - retinoblastoma (95%), astrocytic hamartoma (TS, NF), choroidal osteoma
infection (chorioretinitis) - toxoplasmosis, herpes, CMV, rubella other - phthisis bulbi (ca++ in endstage dz, shrunken bulb), optic nerve drusen (most common cause calcifs in adults, bilateral) |
|
Micropthalmia
|
persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, retinopathy of prematurity, congenital rubella, phthisis bulbi
|
|
Sudden onset proptosis
|
orbital varix, hemorrhage into cavernous hemangioma or lymphangioma, CCF, thrombosis of superior orbital vein
|
|
Lacrimal gland enlargement
|
benign lymphoid hyperplasia, pseudotumor, sarcoid, Sjogren syndrome, pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic CA, lymphoma, leukemia, dacryoadenitis
|
|
Diffuse bone abnormality
|
FD, Paget’s, thalassemia, osteopetrosis, craniometaphyseal dysplasia, mets
|
|
Radioopaque sinus
|
normal variant - hypoplasia, unilateral thick bone
sinusitis (acute w AFL; chronic w thick mucosa and ret cysts) - allergic, aspergillosus, mucor, sarcoid, Wegener’s solid masses - SCC, polyp, inverted papilloma, lymphoma, juvenile angiofibroma (most common tumor in children), mucocele (expansile, a/w CF in kids), esthesioneuroblastoma, mets, osteoma, FD postsurgical - Caldwell-Luc |
|
Mucosal space mass
|
SCC, lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, melanoma, adenoids, juvenile angiofibroma, Thornwald’s cyst
|
|
Parapharyngeal and carotid space masses
|
salivary gland tumors (80% benign), vagal schwannoma, cervical sympathetic plexus schwannoma, glomus vagale, nasopharyngeal CA, lymphadenopathy, abscess, cellulitis
|
|
Prevertebral mass
|
mets, chordoma, osteomyelitis, abscess, hematoma
|
|
Sublingual space mass
|
lymphangioma, ranula, hemangioma, lingual thyroid, inflammatory
|
|
Simultaneous sublingual and submandibular space mass
|
diving ranula, lymphangioma, abscess
|
|
Post-styloid parapharyngeal mass
|
salivary tissue, nerves, nodes, glomus tumor
|
|
Prestyloid parapharyngeal mass
|
pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin’s, mucoepidermoid, adenoid cystic, branchial cleft cyst, neurogenic tumor, hemangioma, node
|
|
Bilateral parotid low attenuation lesions
|
HIV lymphoepithelial cysts
Sjogren’s Warthin’s tumor infection |
|
Enlarged parotids
|
obesity, DM, alcohol, cirrhosis, malnutrition, drugs
|
|
Sialoliths
|
sarcoid, Sjogren’s, HPT
|
|
Cystic extrathyroid lesions
|
NECK:
* branchial cleft cyst (lat to carotid) * thyroglossal duct cyst (midline) * ranula (retention cyst of sublingual glands) * retention cysts of mucous glands (parotid) * cystic hygroma (lymphangioma, most common < 2y/o) NASOOROPHARYNX: Thornwald’s cyst, mucus retention cyst, necrotic SCC LARYNX & PARALARYNGEAL: laryngocele, mucus retention cyst |
|
Cystic thyroid lesions
|
colloid cyst, cystic degeneration, cystic papillary tumor, cystic mets
|
|
Bilateral thyroid masses
|
lymphoma, mets (RCC, lung), multiple primary tumors, MNG, thyroiditis, cysts
|
|
Neck lymphadenopathy
|
enlarged Waldeyer’s ring - lymphoma, mononucleosis, HIV
skin lesions - KS, sarcoid, lymphoma, CA, cat-scratch, TB, Actinomycosis enlarged nodular salivary glands - HIV, Sjogren, sarcoid, lymphoma, cat-scratch calcified - thyroid CA, treated lymphoma, sarcoid, silicosis, TB |
|
Solid neck mass
|
SCC of larynx or nasooropharynx, lymphadenopathy, parotid tumor, neurofibroma, glomus tumor, dermoid, teratoma, infection, granulomatous inflammation, ectopic thyroid
|
|
Vascular head and neck mass
|
glomus - carotid body, vagale, jugulare, tympanicum
hemangioma AVM aneurysm (often ICA) - pseudoaneurysm, posttraumatic |
|
Vocal cord paralysis
|
tumor, post-op, iatrogenic, idiopathic
|
|
AIDS -
what are the ENT complications? |
ENT complications in 50%
parotid - multiple intraparotid cystic masses (benign lymphoepithelial lesion), lymphadenopathy sinonasal - sinusitis, KS oral cavity - Candida, periodontal an gingival infections pharynx/larynx - opportunistic infections, epiglottitis, lymphoma temporal bone (rare) - otitis media, otitis externa |
|
Odontogenic
|
cysts, ameloblastoma, odontogenic carcinoma or sarcoma; nonodontogenic - osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing’s, myeloma
|
|
Intraventricular mass
(child) |
choroid plexus papilloma
ependymoma medulloblastoma teratoma astrocytoma |
|
Intraventricular mass
(lateral ventricle) |
age 0-15:
-PNET -choroid plexus papilloma Age 15-30: -glioma -JPA Over 30: -subependymoma -astrocytoma -mets -oligodendroglioma -meningioma -central neurocytoma |
|
Intraventricular mass
(3rd ventricle) |
Age 0-15:
- astrocytoma - EG of stalk - germinoma - extrinsic craniopharyngioma Age 15-30: - colloid cyst Over 30: - glioma - mets - pituitary or pineal mass - Other (aneurysm, sarcoid) |
|
Intraventricular mass
(4th ventricle) |
age 0-15:
- ependymoma - medulloblastoma age 15-30: - choroid plexus papilloma Over 30: - mets - hemangioblastoma - subependymoma |
|
basal ganglia bright on T1
|
Hypo and pseudohypoparathyroidism
HyperPTH Hallervordin-Spatz Hyperalimentation Hemorrhage CO NF |
|
What are the nodal stations of the neck?
|
Lvl I Submental(A)/submand(B)
Level II- Upper IJ Level III- Middle jugular Level IV - Low jugular Level V- Posterior triangle - A- Above cricoid arch - B- Betw arch & clavicle Level VI- Upper visceral Level VII- Sup mediastinal |
|
Progression of hematoma
Age/stage main component T1 and T2 signal |
<1d___oxyhemoglobin____Lo__Hi
0-2d__deoxyhemogl______Lo__Lo 2-14d_intracel methem__Hi__Lo 10-21d_extracel methem_Hi__Hi >21d___hemosiderin_____Lo__Lo |
|
Suprasellar mass ddx
adults vs. pedi |
adults
--macroadenoma (#1) --meningioma --glioma --craniopharyngioma --aneurysm children --craniopharyngioma (#1) --glioma --germinoma --hypothalamic hamartoma --EG |
|
Causes of orbital inflammation
|
Orbital cellulitis
Mucormycosis Graves Orbital pseudotumor Sarcoidosis Wegener's granulomatosis |
|
Skull base tumors
|
Chordoma
Chondroma/Chondrosarcoma Plasmacytoma Paraganglioma Nerve sheath tumors Cholesteatoma Mets |
|
Posterior fossa tumor in adult
intra-axial |
1. Metastasis (lung, breast)
2. Hemangioblastoma 3. Lymphoma 4. Lipoma |
|
Posterior fossa tumor in adult
extra-axial |
"hit in head with a MACE:
Meningioma Acoustic neuroma Chordoma/Choroid papilloma Epidermoid |
|
intramedullary spinal mass ddx
- with basic MR signal for each |
Ependymoma: mix T1, hi T2
Astrocytoma: iso-loT1, iso-hiT2 Hemangioblastoma: lo T1, hi T2 (also w cysts and flo voids) Mets: iso T1, iso-hi T2 (gray nodule with edema) |
|
Intradural (but extramed) spinal mass ddx
- with basic MR signal for each |
Meningioma- iso T1, var T2
Neurinoma- iso T1, hi T2 Neurofibroma- iso T1, mix hiT2 Lipoma- hi T1, lo T2 Mets- iso T1, iso-hi T2 |
|
Extradural spinal mass ddx
(with basic MR signal for each) |
* Mets: lo T1, mild hi T2
* Epidermoid: lo T1, hi T2 * Lymphoma: iso T1, iso-hi T2 * Lipoma(/tosis): hi T1, lo T2 * Teratoma: mix T1 and T2 |
|
"Other" spinal mass ddx
- with MR signal |
Arachnoid cyst - lo T1, hi T2
Chordoma- iso T1, mix T2 Arthopathic pseudotumor- iso-lo on both |
|
DDx
Intraventricular mass T1 Dark T2 Bright Non-enhancing |
Arachnoid cyst
Cysticercosis Colloid cyst (3rd vent) Cystic crangiopharyngioma Cystic meningioma DW cyst (4th vent) Epidermoid (4th vent) Neuroepithelial cyst |
|
DDx
Intraventricular mass CSF signal |
Arachnoid cyst
Cysticercosis DW cyst or variant Mega cisterna magna |
|
DDx
Intraventricular mass T1 Dark T2 Dark Enhancing |
Acute hematoma
Calcified SEGA Calcified glomus of choroid plexus Dense or calcified mets (colon, prostate) Meningioma with Ca++ |
|
DDx
Intraventricular mass T1 bright T2 dark |
Colloid cyst
CSF flow Dermoid Early subacute bleed Craniopharyngioma (calcifed) Lipoma Pantopaque Xanthogranuloma of choroid |
|
DDx
Intraventricular mass T1 bright T2 bright |
Dermoid
Flow Intraventricular craniopharyngioma Late subacute bleed |
|
Infratentorial Pediatric Neoplams
DDx |
JPA
Brain stem astrocytoma Medulloblastoma/PNET Ependymoma Other medullomyoblastoma rhabdoid anaplastic ependymoma |
|
* Infect granulomatous dz (TB, fungal)
* Inflammatory meningitis (sarcoid) * Lymphoid (lymphoma, plasmacytoma) * Carcinomatous meningitis * Meningioma |
Differential for nodular meningeal enhancement
|
|
Differential diagnosis of a calcified brain mass:
|
Adults
o Meningioma o Oligodendroglioma o Aneurysm / AVM o Calcified Tuberculoma Children/Adolescents o Giant Cell Astrocytoma o Ependymoma o Ganglioglioma o AVM |
|
Differential Diagnosis for a midline, clival-centric mass:
|
o Chordoma
o Chondrosarcoma o Epidermoid o Meningioma o Rhabdomyosarcoma o Nasopharyngeal tumors o Plasmacytoma o Lymphoma |