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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is the temporal lobe located? |
-below the sylvian fissure and anterior to the occipital cortex |
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What are the subcortical temporal lobe structures? |
limbic cortex, amygdala, hippocampl formation |
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Lateral surface of the temporal lobe |
Auditory areas: Brodmann's areas 41, 42, 22 |
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Where does the ventral stream of visual info go? |
Inferior temporal cortex or TE Brodmann's areas 20 21, 37, 38 |
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What does the inferior temporal gyrus channel? |
Visual info! |
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Subdivisions of the temporal cortex |
Insula: associated with taste -under sylvian fissure -gustatory cortex -auditory association cortex -role in nicotine addiction |
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Multimodal Cortex or polymodal cortex |
-area under superior temporal sulcus -receives input from auditorym visual and somatic regions |
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Naqvi et al, smoking study |
Damage to insula makes quitting smoking easy! Orbital frontal cortex |
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Medial temporal cortex |
-amygdala and adjacent cortex and fusiform gyrus, hippocampus, surrounding crtex |
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TH and TF |
Posterior end of the medial tempotal lobe -parahippocampal cortex -PPA -landmark and scene recognition |
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Connections of the Temporal Cortex |
-afferent projections from sensory systems -efferent projections to the parietal and frontal association regions, limbic system, and basal ganglia
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Left and Right TC connected via |
corpus collosum anterior commissure |
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1. Hierarchical sensory pathway |
-incoming auditory and visual info -stim recognition-ventral pathways for vision and audition |
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2. Dorsal auditory Pathway |
-from auditory cortex to posterior parietal -detection of spatial location of sounds, movement, sound recognition |
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3. Polymodal pathway |
-from auditory visual areas to the pluymodal cortex -stimulus categorization |
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4. Medial temporal projection |
From auditory and visual areas to the medial temporal lobe, limbic cortex, hippocampal formation, and amygdala -perforant pathway: major input to HC -long term potentiation pathway |
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Frontal Lobe projection |
-auditory and visual cortex to the fronatl lobe -movement control -short term memory -affect |
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Long term potentiation |
the more you engage neurons the greater the likelihood you will increase synopses, increase in glutamate and sensitivity. |
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Theory of temporal lobe function |
3 basic sensory functions: -processing auditory input -visual object recognition -long term storage of info |
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Sensory processes |
-identification and categorization of stimuli -cross modal matching -process of matching visual and auditory info -ventriloquism effect -depends on cortex of the superior temporal sulcus |
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Affective responses |
-emotional response is associated with a part. stim. |
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Spacial navigation |
Hippocampus: spatial memory, long term -place cells were discovered by O keefe in 1976 place cells only respond when you are in a specific portion of the env. |
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Hippocampal place fields rat test |
same areas light up when in the dar or light, moreso in an experienced env. |
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Morris water maze task |
mouse never finds the pedestal bc there is nothing in their immediate env to depend upon, env. cues do not help |
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Superior temporal sulcus & Biological motion |
-activation of STS during perceptoon of bio motion
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Biological motion |
-movements relevant to a species -allow us to guess other;s intentions -social cognition or "theory of mind" |
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David Perrett and colleagues |
STS superior temporal sulcus cells are max responsive to particular types of bio motion |
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Cells can be VERY specific |
moving forewards, sideways... |
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Visual processing in the temporal lobe |
xx |
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Hasson and colleagues |
used fmri to monitor cortical activity while viewing a film -commonalities in the fusiform afce area and parahippocampal area. Frontal lobe differences based on experience. regions of the parietal and frontal lobes showed no intersubject coherence -dissociaion between sensation and expereince |
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fFA |
lit up for faces |
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PPA |
overall scenery |
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Auditory processing in the temporal lobe |
Speech perception: -formants -speech sounds change very rapidly in relation to one another, sequence is essential Left hem. likely specialized fo perception of vocalizations |
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Music perception |
relies on relation between elements -acoustical grouping and perseption of change -loudness -timbre -pitch - |
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Left temporal lobe |
major role in rythm |
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right hemisphere |
meter |
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Right temporal lobe |
extracting pitcj from sound regardless of speech of music -unable to infer meaning right hem. dominant in understanding concept |
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Schneider and colleagues: musician study |
have larger volume of gray and white matter in heschl's gyrus -fundamental pitch listeners-leftward asymmetry -spectral-pitch listeners- right asymmetry |
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Symptoms of temporal lobe lesions |
-auditory disturbance -disorders of music perception -distuebances of visual and auditory input -impaired organization and categorization -placing words or pictures into categories -inability to use contextual info(memory) Long term mem problems Altered personality and affective Bh(seizures) Altered sexual Bh By the sylvian fissure: auditory disturbances |
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Disorders of music perception |
Not always related to temporal lobe damage congenital amusia(tone deaf. born with the inability to perceive music |
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Affect and personality |
Stim of anterior and medial temporal cortex produce feelings of fear |
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Temporal lobe personality (stickY) |
-details overemphasizes trivial and petty details of life -pendantic speech(low affect, boring) -egocentric -perseveration...same topic -pananoia -religious -prone to aggression -diffucilt to get wawy from |
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Assessment for temporal lobe damage |
dichotic words and melodoes: auditory capacity mcgill picture anomalies: visual capacity revised wechler memory scale': verbal mem -logical stories and paried associates rey complex figure: nonverba mem Token: language |
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Token test: |
set of commands, see shapes of colours and sizes give basic commands, see if they can follow and increase complexity |
