Neuropsych Non-Motor Frontal Lobe Functions And Impairments

Front 1

3 Prefrontal Cortex Regions and their broadman areas

Back 1

1. Dorsolateral prefrontal: 9, 46
2. Inferior/Ventral Prefrontal: 11,12,13,14
3. Medial Prefrontal: 25 and 32

Front 2

4 unique functions of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (9 and 46)

Back 2

1. Temporal or working memory
2. Ability to formulate and set goals (volition)
- intention (cognitive aspects) and motivation(need or drive)
3. Divergent thinking: organizing novel strategies ro accomplish goals
4. Associative learning: link behavioral responses to diff cues

Front 3

overall function of prefrontal area

Back 3

assist in matching behavior to context, self regulation

Front 4

two types of temporal memory and which hemisphere they are mediated by in the dorsolateral prefrontal region

Back 4

phonological loop (left hemisphere): holds in mind auditory verbal data (can use "refresh" button to maintain in working memory)

visual spatial info (right hemisphere) "scratch pad": stores visual info such as an arithmetic equation for tips or directions (ventral path)visual scribe: refresher (dorsal path)

both these are of limited capacity (7+ or - 2 chunks)but allows you to integrate info from multi sources

Front 5

damage to left dorsolateral prefrontal region

Back 5

1. impairment in auditory verbal working memory

may be unable to remember a conversation they just heard

Front 6

damage to right dorsolateral prefrontal region (areas 9 and 46)

Back 6

1. hold mental images in mind

may cause problems when traveling through unfamiliar areas or remembering where one parked their car

2. divergent thinking: severe impairments in planning and organizing novel strategies
(usually from right hemisphere damage)

Front 7

damage to either hemisphere of dorsolateral prefrontal region

Back 7

- difficulty learning new associations (diff behavior responses to diff cues)

-ability to formulate and set goals (aimless life directed by immediate needs or ext. cues)

Front 8

unique functions of inferior or ventral prefrontal cortex

Back 8

- appreciate the probable consequences of ones behabior before engaging in the behavior
-ability to behave in compliance with rules that are known
-olfactory discrimination (anosmia)

Front 9

things required for appreciating consequences before behaving

ventral/inferior prefrontal cortex

Back 9

-learn from prior experience
-observe and recall patterns of how past behabiors resulted in certain outcomes
-conceptualize future where future behaviors will result in similar outcomes

ventral or inferior prefontal cortex involved

Front 10

unique functions of medial prefrontal cortex

Back 10

-part of limbic system
-contributes to experience and expression of emotion
-anterior cingulate gyrus

Front 11

ventral prefrontal damage

Back 11

-risky behavior
-rule breaking
-ansosmia (olfactory discrimination)

Front 12

five functions shared by the dorsolateral and inferior prefontal regions

Back 12

-behavioral spontaneity (left hemisphere)
-select appropriate behaviors
-mental/behavioral flexibility (perseveration)
-response inhibition (stop and think before doing)
-self monitoring (assessing if behavior fits context or if effective for goal)

Front 13

psuedo depressive syndrome:

what is it?

Where is the damage?

Back 13

- apathy, loss of initiative (appear depressed) but dont have inner experience of depression
- extensive left prefrontal damage

Front 14

psuedopsychopathic syndrome

what is it?

Where is the damage?

Back 14

-lack tact, restraint, and social graces not present before damage
-right prefrontal region

Front 15

combined prefrontal syndrome

Back 15

- bilateral prefrontal damage resulting in fluctions between psychopathic and depressive syndrome