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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the main function of the nervous system?
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reception and integration of sensory data from and inside and outside of the body
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What are the two parts of the CNS?
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brain, spinal cord
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Is the brain symmetrical?
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Yes
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Valleys of brain:
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fissures or solci
(increase SA of brain) central solci separates hemispheres of the brain |
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Peaks of brain:
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gyrus/gyri
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Describe the anatomy of the brain
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Looking at the bottom:
top is frontal lobe (including olfactory bulbs) next are optic nerves pons/medulla spinal cord sides are temporal lobes bottom is cerebellum |
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What does the pons/medulla do?
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--regulates autonomic center
--heart rate, respiratory rate --deeply imbedded, lots of force needed to damage this area |
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transverse fissure
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separates cerebrum and cerebellum (bottom of brain)
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longitudinal fissure
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separates cerebral hemispheres
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What are the five lobes of the brain?
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Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal, Cerebellum
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Cortex
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gray matter (composed of neurons, dendrites)
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white matter
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myelinated axons in neurons
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What is the difference between a fissure and a sulci?
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fissures are much deeper
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Corpus collosum
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--separates two hemispheres, connects two hemispheres
--if one side is damaged, other side of brain can pick up some functions --can cut the corpus collosum to prevent seizures from spreading from one hemisphere to another (eventually grows back) |
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Cerebral Cortex
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--home of conscious mind
--be aware of ourselves and our mind --initiate and control voluntary movements --communicate, remember, and understand |
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What are the three functional areas of the cerebral cortex?
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motor areas
sensory areas association areas |
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What is the function of the frontal lobe?
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--executive function (make decisions, calculations), processing center of stimuli
--not memory --damage here causes inability to process emotions, reason, think |
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Where is the olfactory bulb located?
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Between the frontal and temporal lobes
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What is the function of the temporal lobe?
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short and long term memory
emotion/mood --damage here causes memory/emotion problems (depression, anxiety) |
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What is the function of the parietal lobe?
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--motor control
--integration of senses and motor control |
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What is the function of the occipital lobe?
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processing of vision, converts input to signal the rest of the brain can understand
--not responsible for interpretation of vision (frontal lobe does this) |
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What is the function of the cerebellum?
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balance, gait, coordination
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What is the basal ganglia for?
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(group of neurons, not a single organ; located deeply within the white matter; richly innervated with dopaminergic and cholinergic nerve transmission)
--ability to initiate movement and have fine motor control --ability to start and stop --ability to judge the passage of time |
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What is the amygdala for?
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(specific structure)
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What is the diencephalon?
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contains the thalamus and the hypothalamus
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What is the thalamus for?
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--afferent impulses come to the thalamus
--filters senses --controls which senses are amplified/toned down |
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What is the hypothalamus for?
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helps control autonomic nervous systems (regulatory body)
--controls emotional responses, behavior, endocrine system --regulation of body temperature, thirst and hunger, sleep-wake cycles |
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What is the cerebellum for?
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(behind the pons and medulla)
--smoothes and coordinates body movements --helps maintain equilibrium (alcohol throws off cerebellar balance) |
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What is the limbic system for?
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(area of brain, located in the temporal lobe, apparently looks like a seahorse)
--amygdala and hippocampus --emotion, anxiety, and memory --controls mood --short term memory is in hippocampus |
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Where are the ventricles of the brain?
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right in the middle, filled with CSF
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