Neuropharmacology

Front 1

Direct parasympathomimetic

Back 1

pilocarpine and muscarine

Front 2

Reversible Indirect parasympathomimetic

Back 2

edrophonium and physostigmine

Front 3

Irreversible indirect parasympathomimetic

Back 3

echothiophate and isoflurophate

Front 4

Natural parasympatholytic

Back 4

Atropine and scopolamine

Front 5

3º analogue parasympatholytic

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Benz, Cyclo, Homa, Dicyclo, Tropic, Pire

Front 6

4º synthetic parasympatholytic

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Prop, Ipra, Glyco

Front 7

Direct sympathomimetic

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Phenyl, Tetra, Napha, Oxy, Meta, Terbut, Albu

Front 8

indirect sympathomimetic

Back 8

Tyra Amphet

Front 9

Ephedrine and Phenolpropanolamine

Back 9

mixed sympathomimetic

Front 10

Phenoxy

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non-selective, noncompetitive, irreversible alpha blockers

Front 11

Phento

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non-selective, competitive alpha blockers

Front 12

prazosin, doxazosin, terazosin

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selective (a1) reversible sympatholytic

Front 13

prop, tim, nad

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non-selective beta blockers

Front 14

meto, aten

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selective beta blockers

Front 15

ace, pin

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agonist/antagonistic sympatholytic

Front 16

labetalol

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alpha and beta blocker

Front 17

hexamethomium

Back 17

first ganglionic blocker used for systemic HTN. Blocks ion channels associated with nicotinic receptors.

Front 18

mecamylamine

Back 18

ganglionic blocker used to improve GI absorption. competitve antagonist

Front 19

two structures that only receive sympathetic innervation?

Back 19

vessels and spleen

Front 20

these drugs bind to and stimulate muscarinic receptors (direct) or inhibit Ach-ase (indirect)

Back 20

parasympathomimetic

Front 21

Used for paroxymal tachycardia

Back 21

edro (paramim)

Front 22

used for open and closed angle glaucoma

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pilocarpine (paramim)

Front 23

used for Dx and Tx of myasthenia gravis

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Dx- edro
Tx- pyrido
(paramim)

Front 24

used for alzheimer's

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donepezil (paramim)

Front 25

4 major side effects of parasympathomimetic drugs?

Back 25

bradycardia, hypotension, bronchoconstriction, paralysis

Front 26

competitively block muscarinic receptors

Back 26

parasympatholytic drugs

Front 27

Which parasympatholytic drugs can cross the BBB? which can't?

Back 27

can cross = natural and 3º
can't cross = 4º

Front 28

blocking muscarinic receptors effect on extrapyarmidal systems?

Back 28

ataxia

Front 29

blocking muscarinic receptors effect on CNS?

Back 29

normal = sedation
overdose = hallucination and coma

Front 30

blocking muscarinic receptors effect on vestibular system?

Back 30

vertigo and vomiting

Front 31

blocking muscarinic receptors effect on the eyes?

Back 31

pupil dilation, accommodation, and reduced tear secretion

Front 32

blocking muscarinic receptors effect on the heart?

Back 32

bradycardia at normal doses
tachycardia at high doses

Front 33

blocking muscarinic receptors effect on blood vessels?

Back 33

EDRF released --> vasodilation

Front 34

blocking muscarinic receptors effect on respiratory system?

Back 34

bronchodilation

Front 35

blocking muscarinic receptors effect on gastrointestinal system?

Back 35

inhibits peristalsis

Front 36

blocking muscarinic receptors effect on genitourinary system?

Back 36

bladder muscle relaxation and delayed void

Front 37

blocking muscarinic receptors effect on the sweat glands?

Back 37

anhydrosis

Front 38

used for routine pupil dilation?

Back 38

tropicamide (paralyt)

Front 39

used for anterior uveitis?

Back 39

homa, scopo, and atro (paralyt)

Front 40

used for spastic colon or peptic ulcer?

Back 40

atropine, pire, dicyclo, glyco, prop (paralyt)

Front 41

used for parkinson's disease?

Back 41

benz (paralyt)

Front 42

used for asthma or COPD?

Back 42

ipra (paralyt)

Front 43

used for motion sickness?

Back 43

scopolamine (paralyt)

Front 44

used to counteract cholinergic poisoning?

Back 44

atropine (paralyt)

Front 45

5 side effects of parasympatholytic drugs?

Back 45

red-hot, blind-mad, and dry

Front 46

primary postganglionic sympathetic neurotransmitter?

Back 46

norepinephrine

Front 47

neurotransmitter released by postganglionic sympathetic neurons in renal vessels?

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dopamine

Front 48

neurotransmitter released by preganglionic sympathetic neurons in chromaffin cells/adrenal medulla?

Back 48

acetylcholine

Front 49

What stimulates the release of norepinephrine?

Back 49

action potentials cause an influx of Ca, which causes norepi to be released

Front 50

Enzyme that metabolizes norepi? Two systems involved in its return to the neuron?

Back 50

COMT
uptake 1 and uptake 2

Front 51

describe the affinity of alpha receptors for norepi, epi, and iso.

Back 51

epi > nor > iso

Front 52

describe the affinity of beta receptors for norepi, epi, and iso.

Back 52

iso > epi > nor

Front 53

most adrenergic agonists are derivatives of what molecule?

Back 53

B-phenylethylamine

Front 54

describe the effects of the following catecholamines on adrenergic receptors: norepi, epi, iso, dopamine, dobutamine

Back 54

dobu = b1
iso = b1, b2
norepi = a1, b1
epi = a1, b1, b2
dopa = a1, b1, b2, and dopamine

Front 55

Substitution on the amine nitrogen of adrenergic agonists affects which receptor's selectivity?

Back 55

beta

Front 56

Where are levo and dextro adrenergic agonists more potent?

Back 56

levo in periphery
dextro in CNS

Front 57

What is the administration of catecholamines vs non-catecholamines?

Back 57

catecholamines can't be given orally (degraded rapidly by COMT and MAO), non-catecholamines can

Front 58

Effects of adrenergic agonists on the vascular system?

Back 58

vasoconstriction

Front 59

Effects of adrenergic agonists on the heart?

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stimulation: for HTN, shock, cardiac arrest, CHF, and hypotension

Front 60

Effects of adrenergic agonists on the lungs?

Back 60

bronchodilation: allergies and asthma

Front 61

Effects of adrenergic agonists on pregnant females?

Back 61

reduced uterine contractions

Front 62

Effects of adrenergic agonists on the CNS?

Back 62

treats narcolepsy or ADHD

Front 63

Effects of adrenergic agonists on the eyes?

Back 63

used for pupil dilation, conjunctival decongestion, and glaucoma

Front 64

Side effects of adrenergic agonists?

Back 64

constipation, tachycardia, hypotension, high IOP

Front 65

D1, D2 binding effects in the CNS? a1, b1? a2, b2?

Back 65

d1,d2 = inhibitory
a1,b1 = excitatory
a2,b2 = inhibitory

Front 66

bind to adrenergic receptors and inhibit them?

Back 66

sympatholytic drugs

Front 67

sympathomimetic drug used for hypotenstion and asthma (orally)

Back 67

ephedrine

Front 68

sympathomimetic drug used for shock

Back 68

dopamine

Front 69

sympathomimetic drug used for cardiac arrest, superficial bleeding, asthma (inhalation), glaucoma

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epinephrine

Front 70

sympathomimetic drug used for CHF

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dobutamine

Front 71

sympathomimetic drug used for hypertension

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clonidine

Front 72

sympathomimetic drug used for routine pupil dilation

Back 72

phenyleprine

Front 73

What is the primary use of sympatholytic selective alpha blockers?

Back 73

Tx systemic hypertension

Front 74

Effect of sympatholytic selective alpha blockers on urinary system?

Back 74

increases urine flow

Front 75

Side effects of sympatholytic selective alpha blockers?

Back 75

floppy iris, hypotension, sedation

Front 76

Relationship of all beta blockers to adrenergic receptors?

Back 76

competitive antagonists

Front 77

Effects of beta blockers on the blood vessels, lungs, and liver?

Back 77

vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, reduced blood sugar

Front 78

7 clinical uses of beta blockers?

Back 78

HTN, glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, chronic migraines, angina pectoris, MI, tachycardia

Front 79

cimetidine, furosemide, and chlorpromazine's effect on beta blockers?

Back 79

increase and prolong their effect

Front 80

barbiturates, phenytoin, and rifampin's effect on beta blockers?

Back 80

decrease and shorten their effects

Front 81

Difference between nicotinic receptors found at the adrenal medulla and neuromuscular junction?

Back 81

AM = Nn
NMJ = Nm

Front 82

drugs that block both parasympathetic and sympathetic systems?

Back 82

ganglionic blocking drugs

Front 83

What are the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of nicotine on the CNS?

Back 83

stimulatory = parkinson-like effects
inhibitory = sedation and coma

Front 84

What is nictoine's effect on other drugs?

Back 84

greatly increases their metabolism

Front 85

Effects of ganglionic blocking drugs on the eye?

Back 85

cycloplegia and changing pupil size

Front 86

Effects of ganglionic blocking drugs on the cardiovascular system?

Back 86

vasodilation and slight tachycardia

Front 87

Effects of ganglionic blocking drugs on the GI tract?

Back 87

constipation

Front 88

Effects of ganglionic blocking drugs on the sweat glands?

Back 88

inhibited: anhydrosis

Front 89

Where are M1, M2, and M3 receptors found?

Back 89

M1 = nerves
M2 = heart, nerves, smooth m
M3 = smooth m, glands, vessels

Front 90

what are the major effects of the parasympathetic system?

Back 90

salivation, lacrimation, urination, defication, digestion

Front 91

alpha 2 receptors are activated by what neurotransmitter? results?

Back 91

norepinephrine: decreases the release of norepinephrine and acetylcholine

Front 92

beta 2 receptors are activated by what neurotransmitter? results?

Back 92

epinephrine: increase the release of norepinephrine

Front 93

results of activating muscarinic receptors?

Back 93

decreased release of acetylcholine

Front 94

what are some of the enzymes involved with beta receptor stimulation?

Back 94

adenylate cyclase, cAMP, phosphorylase B kinase

Front 95

what are some of the enzymes involved with alpha 1 and muscarinic receptor stimulation?

Back 95

PIP2, DAG, IP3, protein kinase C

Front 96

what are some of the enzymes involved with alpha 2 receptor stimulation?

Back 96

Na/H exchange, phospholipase A2, arachnidonic acid, thromboxane A2