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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is tropism? tropism for polio? progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy?
herpes? |
tropism = the predilection of a particular microbe for a specific neuroanatomic region
polio = anterior horn cells PML= oligos Herpes= temporal lobe |
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How does obstructive hydrocephalus occur? 2
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abcess,mass,tumor impairs the reabsorption in the arachnoid villi
occlusion of ventricular system i.e TB granuloma at the foramen of magendie |
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What is leptomeninges? Encephalitis..by what?
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Infection of the meninges, involving the subarachnoid space
Encephalitis- invasion of the brain parenchyma by a virus |
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E coli, h influenza, n meningitis, and pneumococcus causes? results in?
TB and cryptococcus cause? |
Acute bacterial meningitis, which results in hydrocephalus and the prolif of connective tissue
Chronic meningitis...hydrocephalus |
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Neurosyphillis? what are the 2 symptoms that are widespread in the CNS?
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10% of patients get...
1. meningovascular syphillis resulting in general paresis (due to widespread neuronal cell death) and tabes dorsalis (degeneration of sensory fibers in dorsal columns) |
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What is a hallmark pathologically of acute viral encephalitis 2?
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inflammatory cells that do perivascular infiltration
viral inclusion bodies |
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HIV in CNS infections? Special tropism? microglia or neuronal?
Opportunistic infections 4? Prevalence of lymphoma's? |
Only attacks microglia (not neurons)
Causes diffuse damage to neurons Cytomegalovirus, Herpes, Cryptococcus, PML Yes. Kaposi's Sarcoma |
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How do spongiform encephalopathies occur?
what codon implicated? |
prions undergo a conformational change from alpha coils to beta pleated sheets
CODON 129- determines severity |
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Glasgow Coma Scale
Eyes 4,3,2,1 Verbal 5,4,3,2,1 Motor 6,5,4,3,2,1 |
Eyes
4 spontaneous movements 3 to verbal commands 2 to pain/noxious stimuli 1 not at all Verbal 5 oriented/converes 4 disoriented and converses 3 inappropriate things 2 Incomprehensible sound 1 Nothing Motor 6 obeys movement 5 localizes pain 4 flexor withdrawal 3 flexor abnormal 2 extension 1 no response |
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Glasgow Coma scale sum
GSC <8 GSC 9-12 GSC 13-15 and their correlation with motor scores (6-1)? |
GSC <8 severe 1-3 motor
GSC 9-12 moderate 4-5 motor GSC 13-15 minor 6 motor |
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What are the biggest threats to TBI in field? How to counteract? In hospital? What is monitored?
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biggest threat = hypoxia, hypotension, and anemia
TX- ABCs- intubation/resuscitation Hospital- increase O2 perfusion, monitor intracranial pressure |
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What are contact loading injuries? result in what 2?
How bout inertial loading injuries such as rotational and translational acceleration? results in what 1? |
Focal lesions in brain.. resulting in epidural and subdural hematomas
Coup and Contracoup contusions, leading to increased intercranial pressure |
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What morphological changes occur from TBI that result in visible brain injury on MRI? Increased risk for? In recovery, where do you see neurogenesis?
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Necrosis, Inflammation, and Apoptosis,,, may lead to increased risk of alzheimer's
CA1 region of hippocampus; causes epilepsy??? |
