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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)
Where is the lesion?

complex sensory loss
asterognosis/agraphesthesia
visual spatial loss (neglect)
difficulty localizing
more conspicuous loss in hands
Cortex
Sensory signs/symptoms
Where is the lesion?

loss of primary sensory modalities
possible visual disturbances
spontaneous painful sensations
Subcortical, thalamus
Sensory signs/symptoms
Where is the lesion?

clumsiness and incoordination
Cerebellum
Sensory signs/symptoms
Where is the lesion?

sensory changes seen in cranial nerves and long tracts
Brainstem
Sensory signs/symptoms
Where is the lesion?

well demarcated level below
which there is decreased sensory perception (sensory level)
modality variability
Spinal Cord
Sensory signs/symptoms
Where is the lesion?

weakness or paralysis
spasticity with increased tendon reflexes
little, if any muscular atrophy
Cortex
Motor signs/symptoms
Where is the lesion?

dyskinesias
abnormal posturing (dystonia)
possible hemiparesis
Subcortical, Basal Ganglia
Motor signs/symptoms
Where is the lesion?

ataxia and intention tremors
dysmetria and hypotonia
dysdiadochokinesia
possible depressed or pendular DTRs
Cerebellum
Motor signs/symptoms
Where is the lesion?

motor changes seen in
cranial nerve territories and may be LMN
or UMN signs
long tract involvement with UMN signs
Brainstem
Motor signs/symptoms
Where is the lesion?

spastic weakness with increased DTRs
dysautonomia

acute injury has flaccid paralysis with decreased DTRs
Spinal Cord
Motor signs/symptoms
Where is the lesion?

language/intellectual functional deficits
pathologic reflexes may be present
disturbances in memory and recall
Cortex
Special features
Where is the lesion?

gait disturbances
Subcortical, (thalamus / basal ganglia)
Special features
Where is the lesion?

possible signs of brainstem involvement
gait disturbances
possible disturbed eye movements
Rebound phenomenon may be present
Cerebellum
Special features
Where is the lesion?

crossed signs of facial/body involvement

CN + long tracts = brainstem lesion
Brainstem
Special features
Where is the lesion?

pathologic reflexes and clonus
bowel/bladder dysfunction due
to autonomic disturbances
absence of fasciculations/atrophy
Spinal Cord
Special features
Where is the lesion?

dermatomal loss of sensation
asymmetric distribution that may
be distal or proximal
Nerve root
(radiculopathy)
Sensory signs/symptoms
Where is the lesion?

territorial distribution of sensory loss
usually distal asymmetric loss
Peripheral nerve
Sensory signs/symptoms
Where is the lesion?

absence of sensory changes
Neuromuscular Junction

OR

Myopathy
Sensory signs/symptoms
Where is the lesion?

flaccid weakness
decreased DTRs
presence of fasciculations
Nerve root (radiculopathy)

OR

Peripheral nerve
Motor signs/symptoms
Where is the lesion?

weakness that may be patchy in distribution
weakness noticed worse with exercise or later in the day
normal or reduced tone and DTRs
Neuromuscular junction
Motor signs/symptoms
Where is the lesion?

proximal weakness, usually symmetric
absence of atrophy or fasciculations
normal DTRs and mass until late in disease
absence of sphincter disturbances
Myopathy
Motor signs/symptoms
Where is the lesion?

pain is usually present
atrophy early with fasciculations
Nerve root (radiculopathy)

OR

Peripheral nerve
Special features
Where is the lesion?

effects muscles of face, eyes, and jaw early
can be tested by sustaining upward gaze
Neuromuscular junction
Special features
Where is the lesion?

Family history usually provides clues to diagnosis
Myopathy
Special features