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12 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Phenytoin
A)Mechanism
B)Clincal Use
C)Toxicities
A)Blockade of Sodium channels; ihibition of glutamate release from excitatory presynaptic neurons
B) Tonic-Clonic seizures; antiarrhytmic
C) Nystagmus, ataxia, sedation, chronic use causes gingival hyperplasia in children; peripheral neuropathy; teratogenic (fetal hydration syndrome)
Barbiturates
A)Mechanism
B)Clincal Use
C)Toxicities
A) Facilitate GABA action by increasing duration of chloride channel opening thus decrease neuron firing (Duration)
B) Sedative for anxiety, seizures, insomnia, anesthesia (thiopental)
C)Dependence; respiratory or cardio depression (can be deadly); Drug interactions (lowers P-450)
Phenobarbital, Thiopental (high potency, high lipid solubility, rapid entry into blood)
Benzodiazepines
A)Mechanism
B)Clincal Use
C)Toxicities
D)Overdose
A) Increase frequency of Chloride channels by facilitating GABA action
B) Anxiety, detox, night terrors
C)Dependence, CNS depression, less risk than barbituaries
Overdose treat with Flumazenil (Competitive antagonist at GABA receptors)
Diazepam, lorazepam, alprazolam
Anesthetics
One major factor, also another one with induction and recovery
Needs to be lipid soluble (The more it is the more potent it is) or be actively transported but also decrease solubility in blood causes rapid onset and recovery time
Inhaled Anesthetics
A)Name two important ones and there side effects
B) Effects (two main ones)
A) Halothane- Hepatotoxicity
Methoxyflurane-Nephrotoxicity
B)Myocardial and respiratory depression, increase cerebral blood flow
What PCP analog is used in anesthesia and whats its side effects
Ketamine stimulates Cardiovascular, causes disorientation, hallucinations
Selegiline
A) Mechanism
B) When used
Inhibits MAO-B so increases availability of Dopamine; used with L-Dopa in Parkinson
Sumatriptan
A)Mechanism
B)Clincal Use
C)Toxicities
A) Serotonin agonist and causes vasoconstriction
B) causes migraine, cluster headache attacks
C) Hypertensive emerencies, coronary vasospasm, mild tingling
L-Dopa
A)Mechanism
B)Clincal Use
C)Toxicities
A) Increases level of dopamine in brain (can cross Blood-Brain barrier)
B) Parkinsonism
C) Arrythmias from peripheral conversion to dopamine; long term can get dyskinesia
Given Carbidopa to prevent these side effects
What is the Parkinson's Disease strategy?
BALSA
A) Bromocriptine- Agonize dopamine receptors
B) Amatadine- increase dopamine relase
C)Levodopa (with carbidopa)- Increases dopamine
D) Selegline-MAO-B inhibitor prevents dopamine breakdown
E)Antimuscarinics- Curb excess cholinergic activity so improves tremor and rigidity
Dantrolene
A)Mechanism
B)Clincal Use
A)Prevents release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscles.
B) Malignant Hyperthermia and Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Local Anesthetics
A)Mechanism
B) Problems in injry
C) order of nerve blockade
D) esters vs. Amide
A) Block Sodium channels by binding to specific receptors in inner portion of channel. So has to get through in uncharged form
B) In injured tissue (acidic) so need more of the anesthetic (alkaline) for it to get through
C) Size predominates myelination so Small myelinated>small unmyelinated>Large myelinated> Large unmyelinated
D) Esters- Cociane, amide- iidocaine, mepivacaine bupivacaine