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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dura
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Firm, Outer layer
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Pia
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Thin interlayer connects to bring itself
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Arachnoid
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Layer between Pia and dura
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Sub arachnoid
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Space between arachnoid and Pia contains large blood vessels supplying the brain
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Which part of the brain is the thinking portion
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Cerebrum , cerebral cortex
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What part of the brain controls vital life sustaining functions ?
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The brainstem : this includes the pons and medulla and midbrain
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What part of the brain controls initiation and coordination of movement?
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The cerebellum
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A nerve that transmits impulses to the brain for processing sensory
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Afferent nerve
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A nerve that conducts nerve impulses from the brain to the muscles?
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Efferent motor nerve
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What brings sensory impulses to the cortex in the cerebrum and those conveying motor impulses from the cortex cross within the brain stem to the opposite side ?
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Fiber tracts
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What does the CNS regulate
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All mental and physical functions throughout the body
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Dysfunction of neurons in any given area of the brain can disrupt what?
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Nerve impulses, cognition, perception, uncoordinated movement, and loss of muscle force production.
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Loss of ability to read
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Alexia
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Law of ability to produce or comprehend language?
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Aphasia
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Difficulty with written language especially reading?
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Dyslexia
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Difficulty swallowing
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Dysphagia
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When somebody has paralysis on one side of the body what is that considered?
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Hemiplegia
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Loss of half of the field of vision in each eye is known as what?
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Homonymous hemianopsia
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Involuntary movement of the eyes is what?
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Nystagmus
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Abrupt rapid small movement of both eyes?
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succade
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Unconsciousness and unresponsiveness resulting from a disturbance or damaged areas of the brain is known as?
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Coma
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What is a confabulation?
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A behavioral reaction to memory loss when the patient fills in memory gaps with an appropriate words.
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What are important tests and measures?
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Cognition, tone, arousal, gait, function, staging of disease, and sensory integrity
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In staging for deep tendon reflexes what is ... 5, 4, 3 ?
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5 = sustained clonus
4= very brisk ,hyper reflexive , with clonus 3= brisker more reflexive than normal |
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Deep tendon reflexes 2, 1, 0.5, 0
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2 = normal
1= low normal, diminished 0.5= a reflex that is only elicited with reinforcement 0 is no response |
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Sensory testing includes?
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Light touch, pain, pressure, temperature, proprioception, stereognosis
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Neuropraxia, axontmesis , neurotmesis are all what type of injury
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Lower motor neuron
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Least severe neuron injury pressure or ischaemia nerve but still intact this is reversible within hours to months of the injury
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Neuropraxia
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What injury is due to pressure or stretch More severe injury nerve injury with disruption of the neuronal axon, maintains myelin sheath
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Axontmesis,
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Neuropraxia is usually caused by what?
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It is a a crush injury such as a MVA. There is not much wasting, the nerve is still intact
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Wallerian degeneration only in what two injuries?
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Axonstmesis and neurotmesis
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In what and what type of motor neuron injury would you see contusion scratch lacs aration or complete loss of motor sensory and autonomic function?
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Lower motor neuron injury,
neurotmesis |
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If you have a umn injury would you be sick or flaccid have more tone or atrophy
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spasticity, increased tone
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In a LMN injury would you expect to flacidity or spasticity ? atrophy or tone?
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flacidity, severe atrophy
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brocca's?
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In the front
non fluent aphasia, can't speak |
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Wernicke's
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Can speak but can't understand
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In global aphasia what happens?
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Both Broca's and Wernicke's are affected, can't talk and can't understand.
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What's another word for a drunken walk wide base of support and guarding ?
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Ataxia
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How would you describe apraxia in 3 words?
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Can't follow directions
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The inability to process sensory information is known as what?
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Agnosia
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AICA is connected to watch Horner's or Wallenberg?
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Horners
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Pica is connected to which Horners or wallenburg ?
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Wallenberg
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What makes up the Circle of Willis?
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To post communicating arteries 1 anterior communicating artery face to anterior cerebral artery and 2 coronary artery
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If you have a right sided stroke what symptoms would be present
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You are unaware
impulses *and nonverbal communication problems |
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In a left sided stroke what would you expect to see through symptoms?
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Awareness overcautious and speech problem
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What's hematoma is caused by trauma
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Subdural hematoma
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MMSE stands for what? Describe
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Mini Mental Status exam screening tool for cognitive impairment,
11 question measure. space the max score equals 30, when scoring 20 or less it suggests dementia |
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Mini cog describe
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Takes 3 minutes give patient three words to remember have the patient draw a clock and have a patient repeat these three words an abnormal clock , with one or two words equals dementia
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What test screens for cognition?
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Jags , ask your recent memory remote memory executive function and language
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Describe the difference between remote memory and recent memory
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Remote memory is more what happened to the president where who. recent memory is more so what happened recently.
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Executive function in the Jags cognition screen it's proven how
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By being able to figure out the change.
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Ranchos los amigos scale test the level of what?
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Unconscious Cognitive function
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Describe four five and six in the Ranchos los amigos scale
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For confused and agitated 5 confusing inappropriate 6 confused and appropriate
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Describe the Glascow Coma Scale
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Standardized test three categories of patient response I opening motor response and verbal response.
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Glasgow Coma Scale
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Scoring
less than 8 are in a coma mild is 13 to 15 moderate is 9 to 12 severe 3 through 8 |
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In hydrocephalus where does the cerebrospinal fluid collect
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And the ventricles of the brain
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What is the cause for hydrocephalus and treatments
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Usually congenital must use shunts to relieve pressure an adult this is associated with neurological condition
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What is the number one cause of autonomic dysreflexia
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Urine backflow
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What medication is given someone having an ischemic stroke
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TPA, takes 3 hours to administer drugs
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