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29 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Autonomic Nervous System:
Neurotransmitters |
Acetylcholine
Epinepherine Norepinephrine |
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Alpha 1 Receptors act on
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Pupil Dilation
Contriction of veins and arterioles Activate male sex organs |
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Beta 1 Receptors act on
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Increase HR, contractility, conduction through AV node.
Release renin |
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Beta 2 Receptors act on
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Dilate Bronchi
Relax unterine smooth muscles Vasodilates arterioles in heart, lungs, Skeletal muscles Skeletal muscle contraction |
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Prolonged Exposure to CNS meds ->
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Increased Therapeutic Effect
Decreased side effects Tolerance and dependence |
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Tx for Parkinson's Disease
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Med's don't Halt progression - offer relief from s/s of dyskenisias.
*bradykinesia *Resting tremors *muscle rigidity |
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Parkinson's Medications:
Dopaminergics |
Levodopa (Dopar, Larodopa)
Levodpa + Carbidopa (Sinemet) |
Side Effects:
N/V, drowsiness Dyskinesias - head bobbing, tics, tremors Orthostatic HypoTN Cardiovascular effects- Tachycardia, palpitations, irreg Heartbeat Pycosis- hallucinations, nightmares Activation of malignant melanoma |
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Parkinson's Medications:
Domapine agonists |
Pramipexole (Mirapex)
Ropinirole (Requip) Bromocriptime (Parlodel) |
Side Effects:
Sleep attacks & daytime sleepiness Ortho HypoTN Psychosis Dyskinesias Nausea |
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Parkinson's Medications:
Centrally acting anthicholinergics |
Benztropine (Cogentin)
Tryhexyphenidyl (Artane) |
Side Effects:
N/V Anticholinergic Affects- Blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, dry mouth Antihistamine effects- Sedation & drowsiness |
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Parkinson's Medications:
Antiviral |
Amatadine (Symmetrel)
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Side Effects:
CNS Effects - confusion, restlessness, dizziness Anticholinergic Effects Discoloration of skin- Livido reticularis |
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Seizure Medication:
phenobarbitol (Luminal) |
Tonic-Clonic Seizures
Partial Seizures |
Side Effects:
CNS Effects- Adult (drowsiness, confusion, anxiety), Children (Irritability, hyperactivity Toxicity- nystagmus, pinpoint pupils, ataxia, respiratory depression, coma, hypoTN, death |
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Seizure Medication:
Phenytoin (Dilantin) |
All seizures except absence
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Side Effects:
CNS Effects Gingival hyperplasia Skin rash Teratogenic effects- cleff palate, heart defects. Cardiovascular - dysrhythmias, hypoTN Endocrine Effects |
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Seizure Medication:
Carbamazepine (Tegratol) |
Partial Seizures
Tonic-Clonic Seizures Biopolar Seizures Trigeminal & glossopharyngeal neuralgias |
Side Effects:
CNS Effects Blood Dyscrasias (Leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia) Teratogenesis Hypo-osmolarity that puts CHF clients at risk for fluid overload Skin Disorders |
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Seizure Medication:
Ethisuximide (Zarontin) |
Absence Seizures
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N/V
Indigestion |
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Seizure Medication:
Valproid Acid (Depakote) |
Tonic-Clonic Seizures
Absence Seizures Partial Bipolar D/o Migraine h/a |
N/V
Indigestion Heptatotoxicity Pancreatitis Thrombocytopenia |
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Seizure Medication:
Gabapentin (Neurontin) |
Partial
Neuropathic Pain Migraine h/a prevention |
CNS Effects
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Diazepam (Valium)
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Static epilepticus-medical emergency
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Respiratory depression
Anterograde amnesia Teratogenic effects |
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Drug-Drug Interation:
Phenytoin + Diazepam, Cimetidine = |
increase plasma levels of phenytoin
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Drug-Drug Interation:
Phenytoin +Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital = |
decrease plasma levels
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Drug-Drug Interation:
Phenytoin + CNS Depressants (eg?). |
alcohol, barbituates
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Phenytoin (Dilantin) decrease the effects of these drugs?
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oral contraceptives
warfarin (Coumadin) glucocorticoids |
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Carbamazepine (Tegretol) decreases effects of these drugs?
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Oral contraceptives
Warfarin (coumadin) |
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What effect does grapefruit juice have on carbamazepine (Tegratol)?
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Inhibits drug metab => increase serum drug levels
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Phenytoin & phenobarbital decrease the effects of
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carbamazepine (tegretol)
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What effect does Valproic Acid (Depakote) have on phenytoin and phenobarbital levels
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Increases.
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Local Anesthetics:
Side Effects |
CNS Excitiation-Seizures -> respiratory depression-> unconsciousness
HypoTN & cardio suppression Allergic Rx. Can prolong labor- rsk of fetal bradycardia & CNS depression. Spinal h.a Urinary retention |
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General Inhalation Anesthetics:
Side Effects |
HypoTN
Resp & Cardi depression malignant hyperthermia hepatotoxicity aspiration of gastric contents Risk of toxicity to OR personnel |
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s/s of Malignant Hyperthermia
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Muscle rigidity
body temp up to 43 c or 109.4 F |
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IV Anesthetics:
Side Effects |
Resp & card depression'
Bacterial Infection Psychological reaction in children <15 & adults >65. *Hallunications *Dreams *Mental confusion |
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