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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vertigo
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a condition in which somebody feels a sensation of whirling or tilting that causes a loss of balance. Dizziness, lightheadedness. The sensation of moving around in space.
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synscope
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The shortening of a word by the loss of sounds of letters from its middle; fainting temporary loss of consciousness
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Dysphasia
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Difficulty in speaking
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Aphasia
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not understanding speech as a resulf of brain damage caused by brain injury or disease
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Glasgow coma scale
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Records the conscious state of a person, for inital as well as continuing assessment
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tremors
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a quiver or shudder eg from fear illness or nervousness
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Seizures
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the seizing of something especially the taking of somehting by force or the offical or legal appropriation of something
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Tandem Walking
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two people walking together
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Paresis
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muscular weakness or partial inability to move caused by disease of nerous system; weakness and reduction in muscular power
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Dementia
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The usually progressive deterioration of intellectual function such s memory that can occur while other brain functions such as those controlling movement and the senses are retained
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Paraesthesia
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Abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling due to a disorder in the CNS
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Romberg test
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Assess dorsal columns of the spinal cord
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Deep tendon reflex (DTR)
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Provide information on the integrity on the central and PNS. Generally dec. reflexes indicate a peripeheral problem (patella)
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Paralysis
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Loss of voluntary movement as a result of damage to nerve or muscle function
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LOC
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Person can vary between being fully conscious and being in a deep coma; fully concious client
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PERRLA
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Pupils equal ractive to light and accommodation
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Clonus
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A series of rapid reptitive contractions and relaxations in a muscle during movement, which is characteristic of grand-mal epilepsy seizures; rapid rhythmic movements
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proprioception
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a sensory nerve ending in muscles, tendons, and joints that provides a sense of the body's position by responding to stimuli from within the body; the sense of movement and posistion
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Nervous system
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Indicate the brain and all the nerves
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CNS
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Brain and spinal cord
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PNS
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Nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
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Autonomic
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Describes functions of the nervous system not under voluntary control eg the regulation of heartbeat or gland secretions (automatic) everything but digestion; involuntary actions: heart glands intestines
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somatic
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Relating to or affecting the body especially the body as considered to be separate from the mind (affecting body as distinct from mind) Sensory receptors to the cns and signals from CNS to skeletal muscles
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Neuorns
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A cell usually consisting of a cell body axon and dendrites that thrasmit nerve impulses and is the basic funtional unit of the nervous system
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Equipment
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Reading material
Vials containg aromatic substances such as vanilla or coffee Cotton swab or tongue blade broken in half Cotton swab or tongue blade broken in half Snellen eye chart Penlight Containers of sugar or salt tongue blade Two small containers such as test tubes one with hot water and one with cold water Cotton balls and Q-tips Cotton Balls or q-tips Tuning fork Reflex hammer |
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Neurolgical Assessment
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Cerebral function-In general the brain
Cranial Nerve Function-12 pairs of nerves from the brain and organs of the head Sensory function-senses Cerebral function (front of the brain) LOC Mental status Cognitive functioning-knowledge Communication |
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General survey first
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Scan from head to toe
vital signs investigate further speech pain vital signs BP high or low pluse slow or fast, respiration are they regular or not short of breath temperature can be an indicate meningitis |
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LOC
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Arousal (wakefulness)
Orientation (Ability to receive and accuratley interpret stimuli) |
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Arousal
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Being using minimal stimuli and increasing intensity
Start with auditory stimuli then progress to tactile stimuli then to painful stimuli as a last resort |
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Auitory and tactile stimuli
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Sleeping or awake?
If awake what is the patient doing? If sleeping call by name in a normal tone, if doesnt respond louder! |
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Auditory and tactile stimuli cont...
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If auditory fails try tactile by gently touching the patient's hand thne progress if necessary to gently shaking his shoulder
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Painful stimuli
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Central:
Trapezius Squeeze-grap on the collar bone Sternal Rub-Rubbing the sternum Supraorbital pressure-grab on eybrows above the eye Mandibular pressure-squeezing on the jaw |
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Painful stimuli
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Perpherial: Nail pressure
achilles tendon behind the ankle |
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Documenting Arousal
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How the patient responds:
Alert Lathargic (alertness) Stuporous-really sleepy and not with it Comatose-unable to function glasgow coma scale |
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Orientation
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Time
Place Person |
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Memory
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Immediate
Recent Remote General knoledge of Vocabulary Mathematical and Calculative skills Thought process/abstract reasoning/judgement "its raining cats and dogs" is it really raining cats and dogs Communication |
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Cranial Nerve I
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Ofactory-Smell
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Cranial nerves
I II III IV VI |
Visual acuity
Exroocular movements Pupil constircion and dilation upward and down ward movement oof the eyes |
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V
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Sensory nerve to skin and face
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VII
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Face exprsions
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VIII
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hearing
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IX
X |
taste
ability to swallow |
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XI
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Movement of head ot shoulders
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XII
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Posistion of tongue
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Weber Test
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Hit the tuning fork and put it in the middle of skull and should hear it equally on both sides
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Rinne Test
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Hit the tuning fork and hit is and put is behind the ear
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Sensory Function
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Use tests of light touch pain temperature vibration position sense sterognosis (ability to rec form of solid objects by touch) graphesia (Ability to recognize outlines number words or symbos written on the skin.
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Sterognosis
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Putting stuff in a bad and having patient identify it ability to identify object by shape
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graphesthesia
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write letter or numers in their hands
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proprioreception
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Take toe ad move it up and down then patient tells you the positi of the toe
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2-point discrimination
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Any tow points then patient tells you how many they feel
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Reflexes:
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0 no contraction
1-dec but still present 2-normal 3-super normal 4-clonus: repetitive shortening of the muscle after a single stimulation |
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Achilles
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Reflexes on the foot
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Patellar
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Knee Reflex
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Biceps
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Arm reflex
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Brachioradialis
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half way up the arm reflex
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Babinski
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Babies tap on the foot
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Gait testing
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any involuntary movements that are brought on by walking identifies back reflex
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Cerebellar testing
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Finger to nose
With the patient seated posistion you index finger at a point in space in front of the patient instruct the patient to move their index finger between your finger and their nose reposition your finger after each touch finger to nose |
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Rapid Alternating finger movements
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Akse the patient to touch the tips of each finger to the thumb of the same hand.
Test both hands Direct the patient to touch first the palm and then the dorsal side of one hand repeatedly againt their thigh then test the other hand |
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Heel to shin testing
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Direct the patient to move the heel of one foot up and down along the top of the other shin. Then test the other foot
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