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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the muscles controlled by nerves at S2-S5? |
- Gastrocs/Soleus - Lateral Hamstrings - Gluteus Maximus - Flexor Hallicus Longus - Flexor Digitorum Longus - Intrinsics (S3-S5) |
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What are the deformities seen when nerves at S2-S5 are compromised? |
- Hips: N/A - Knees: N/A - Feet: Variable, pes cavus, pes valgus
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What orthotic treatment may be required with compromised S2-S5 nerves? |
Orthotic treatment rarely required May require shoe mods to increase stability FOs to support foot deformities AFOs- may be required if M/L instability is excessive, may also require twister cables if rotation issues |
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What are the muscles controlled by nerves at L5-S1? |
- Tibialis Posterior - Medial Hamstrings - Hip Adductors - Tensor Fasciae Latae - Short External Rotator - Gluteus Medius - Long Toe Extensors - Peroneals |
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What are the deformities seen when nerves at L5-S1 are compromised? |
Hip: Flexion/Adduction contractures; may cause dislocation Knee: Stable Ankle: Equinovarus; equinovalgus; prominent heel |
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What orthotic treatment may be required with compromised L5-S1 nerves? |
AFOs- due to weak calves, maintain foot in a stable position |
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What are the muscles controlled by nerves at L4? |
- Quadriceps - Tibialis Anterior |
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What are the deformities seen when nerves at L4 are compromised? |
Hip- early dislocation; flxn/adduction contracture; external rotation Knee- extension/hyperextension Ankle- prominent calcaneus |
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What orthotic treatment may be required with compromised L4 nerves? |
AFOs/ KAFOs- dependent on quad strength/spasticity - to maintain foot positioning |
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What are the muscles controlled by nerves at L1-L3? |
- Iliopsoas (L2) - Hip Adductors (L3) |
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What are the deformities seen when nerves at L1-L3 are compromised? |
Hip- early dislocation; contractures due to muscle imbalance (flxn/adduction/ext. rotation) Knee and Foot: 2ndary due to paralysis |
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What orthotic treatment may be required with compromised L1-L3 nerves? |
Non-ambulatory due to weak hip flexors Age 1- 1.5 y: bucket seat 1-3 y: standing brace with AFOs 4 y+: parapodium with AFOs, KAFOs HKAFOs or RGOs Wheelchairs
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What are the muscles controlled by nerves at T12 and higher? |
Lower and Upper abdominal |
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What are the deformities seen when nerves at T12 and higher are compromised? |
Thoraco-lumbar kyphosis Thoracic Scoliosis Lordoscoliosis Hip- early dislocation; contractures due to muscle imbalance (flxn/adduction/ext. rotation) Knee and Foot: 2ndary due to paralysis |
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What orthotic treatment may be required with compromised T12 and higher nerves? |
Non-ambulatory Age 1- 1.5 y: bucket seat 1-4 y: standing brace with AFOs 3-4 y: wheelchair and spinal orthosis 4y plus: parapodium with AFOs and spinal orthosis
Majority are wheelchair bound |
