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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 Components of ICP
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Brain tissue (80%), blood (10%), CSF (10%) |
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Normal ICP
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0-15mmHg |
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What is the Monro-Kellie Doctrine? |
when 1 component expands another must shrink in the cranial vault. |
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Define CPP |
deference between the pressures of the cerebral artery and venous vessels |
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What is the CPP equation? |
CPP=MAP-ICP |
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What is normal CPP |
60-100mmHg |
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Factors that increase cerebral blood flow |
increases CO2, acidosis, decreased PH, hypoxia, hyperthermia, SZ , Agitation
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Factors that decrease cerebral blood flow
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increased vascular resistance, vasopressors, thrombosis, cerebral edema, decreased CO2 |
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s/s of increased ICP in children
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HA, N/V, Diplopia, SZ |
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s/s of increased ICP in infants |
tense/bulging fontanel, separated cranial sutures, irritable, high-pitched cry, increased Occipital circumference, distended scalp veins, changes in feeding, crying when disturbed, setting-sun sign |
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Cushings Triad
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Bradycardia, abnormal respirations, increased systolic BP |
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S/S of concussion |
confusion, mild amnesia, disorientation, HA, nausea, blurred vision |
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Temporal Arteritis
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Giant cell arteritis is a disorder that causes inflammation of your arteries, usually in the scalp, neck, and arms.
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Temporal Arteritis s/s
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throbbing HA to one side of the head, tenderness to scalp, "ill feeling." jaw pain, muscle pains, cough, tongue, throat pain, hearing loss, blindness |
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Status Epilepticus |
Status epilepticus is a single epileptic seizure lasting more than five minutes or two or more seizures within a five-minute period without the person returning to normal between them. Previous definitions used a 30-minute time limit.
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Anterior Cord Syndrome
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A post-traumatic spinal cord symptom complex characterized by a loss of voluntary motor function, pain, and temperature sense, and intact distal position, vibration, and light touch sense, dysfunctional anterior and lateral columns and intact posterior columns Etiology Trauma to relatively mobile cervical vertebrae, common in whiplash injury–spinal hyperextension
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Brown Sequard Syndrome |
caused by damage to one half of the spinal cord, resulting in paralysis and loss of proprioception on the same (or ipsilateral) side as the injury or lesion, and loss of pain and temperature sensation on the opposite (or contralateral) side as the lesion.
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Cauda Equina
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Damage below L1 with loss of motor ability and sensation. Biggest symptom is loss of bladder function.
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Central Cord Syndrome |
is the most common form of cervicalspinal cord injury. It is characterized by loss of motion and sensation in arms and hands. It usually results from trauma which causes damage to the neck, leading to major injury to the central grey matter of the spinal cord.
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ICP Assessment
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Frequent Nuero Checks
GCS Pupillary Response Posturing Gag Reflex Corneal reflex |
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Tonic/Clonic Siezure presentation |
The tonic phase comes first.All the muscles stiffen.Air being forced past the vocal cords causes a cry or groan.The person loses consciousness and falls to the floor.A person may bite their tongue or inside of their cheek. If this happens, saliva may look a bit bloody.After the tonic phase comes the clonic phase.The arms and usually the legs begin to jerk rapidly and rhythmically, bending and relaxing at the elbows, hips, and knees.After a few minutes, the jerking slows and stops. |
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Absence Seizure |
abrupt with brief LOC 5-10 sec, slight loss of muscle tone, may lip smack or eye twitch onset:age 4-12 and end with puberty |
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Layers of the brain |
Brain PAD Pia matter- innermost layer Arachnoid-middle Dura-outermost layer |
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Spinal Shock |
loss of sensation and rectal tone below the level of the legion that causes bradycardia and hypotension d/t vasodilation. Treated with supportive care , corticosteroids and surgery |
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Autonomic dysreflexia |
A potentially dangerous clinical syndrome that develops in individuals with spinal cord injury, resulting in acute, uncontrolled hypertension. It develops in individuals with a neurologic level of spinal cord injury at or above the sixth thoracic vertebral level (T6). |
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Multiple Sclerosis |
The myelin sheath is replaced by scar tissue preventing conduction of nerve impulses in the CNS. S/S include balance and coordination issues, tremors, slurred speach, visual impairments, bowel and bladder disfunction |
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Myasthenia Gravis |
A autoimmune disease which results from antibodies that block or destroy nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the junction between the nerve and muscle. This prevents nerve impulses from triggering muscle contractions.Symptoms include weakness in the arm and leg muscles, double vision, and difficulties with speech and chewing. treatment-trach/vent |
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Parkinsons Disease |
Loss of brain cells that produce dopamine resulting in extrapyramidal movements. S/S tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, akinesia, poor posture, lack of balance, problems swallowing, unilateral tremors RX-supportive care, Levodopa, carbidopa |
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Guillian-Barre Syndrome |
Autoimmune disorder that damages nerve cells causes ascending paralysis RX-supportive care |
