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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
List the 12 cranial nerves, in order:
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I. Olfactory
II. Optic III. Oculomotor IV. Trochlear V. Trigeminal VI. Abducens VII. Facial VIII. Auditory IX. Glossopharyngeal X. Vagus XI. Accessory XII. Hypoglossal |
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What is/are the major function(s) of the Olfactory nerve?
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Smell
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What is/are the major function(s) of the Optic nerve?
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Vision
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What is/are the major function(s) of the Trochlear nerve?
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Innervates superior oblique;
Turns eye downward and laterally |
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What is/are the major function(s) of the Trigeminal nerve?
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Chewing;
Pain & touch sensations for the face and mouth |
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What is/are the major function(s) of the Abducens nerve?
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Turns eye laterally
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What is/are the major function(s) of the Facial nerve?
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Controls most facial expressions;
Controls secretion of tears/saliva; Taste sensation |
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What is/are the major function(s) of the Auditory nerve?
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Hearing;
Equilibrium sensation |
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What is/are the major function(s) of the Glossopharyngeal nerve?
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Taste sensation;
Senses carotid blood pressure |
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What is/are the major function(s) of the Vagus nerve?
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Senses aortic blood pressure;
Slows heart rate; Stimulates digestive organs; Taste sensation |
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What is/are the major function(s) of the Accessory nerve?
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Controls traezius & sternocleidomastoid muscles;
Controls swallowing movements |
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What is/are the major function(s) of the Hypoglossal nerve?
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Controls tongue movements
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What is/are the major function(s) of the Oculomotor nerve?
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Eyelid & eyeball movement
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What is another name for the Auditory nerve?
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Vestibulocochlear Nerve
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List the factors that affect nerve transmission:
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* Distance
* Lack of oxygen * Effects of hypnotics * Anesthetics * pH of extra-cellular fluid * Alkalosis * Certain drugs |
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How does acidosis of the extra-cellular fluid affect nerve transmission?
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Acidosis depresses nerve activity
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How does alkalosis affect nerve transmission?
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Alkalosis excites nerve cells
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List drugs that can increase nerve activity:
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* Caffeine
* Theophylline * Theobromine |
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Where is Theophylline commonly found?
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In tea and asthma drugs
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Where is Theobromine commonly found?
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In cocoa
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What is the major function of the peripheral nervous system?
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Carries information to and from the CNS
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List the structures that protect the brain and spinal cord:
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* Skull
* Vertebrae * Meninges * CSF |
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What produces/drains the CSF?
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The meninges
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What circulates in and around the brain to function as a shock absorber?
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CSF
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Which arteries make up the brain's arterial blood supply?
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* Internal carotids
* Vertebral artery * Basilar artery |
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Which veins make up the brain's venous blood supply?
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The jugular veins
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What are the major functions of the medulla?
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* Regulating blood pressure
* Breathing * Relaying information from the sense organs |
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What are the major functions of the Pons?
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* Relaying movement and position information from the cerebellum to the cortex
* Also involved in breathing, taste and sleep |
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What are the major functions of the midbrain?
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* Links the various sections of the brain involved in motor functions, eye movements, & auditory control
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What is the substantia nigra?
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A portion of the midbrain that is involved in voluntary movements
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When the substantia nigra does not function, what is the result?
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The "tremored" movements of Parkinson's disease
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What are the major functions of the thalamus?
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*Relays incoming sensory pathways to appropriate areas of the cortex
*Determines which sensory information actually reaches consciousness *Participates in motor-information exchange between the cerebellum, basal ganglia & cortex |
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What are the major functions of the hypothalamus?
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*Controls hormonal secretions from the pituitary
*Also involved in almost all aspects of behavior, including biological clock (circadian rhythms) |
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What are the major functions of the frontal lobe?
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*Voluntary skeletal movement
*Repetitive movement |
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What is the major function of the parietal lobe?
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Processes sensory data
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What is the major function of the occipital lobe?
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Interprets visual data
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What are the major functions of the temporal lobe?
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*Perception/interpretation of sounds
*Integration of taste/smell/balance |
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What is the major function of the limbic system?
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Mediates behavior patterns for survival
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What are the major functions of the cerebellum?
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*Aids in integration of voluntary movement
*Processes sensory information *Uses sensory data for reflex control (muscle tone, equilibrium, posture) |
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What are the major functions of the basal ganglia?
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*Extrapyramidal pathway
*Processing station between notor cortex/upper brainstem *Gross intentional movement without conscious thought |
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List the parts of the brainstem:
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*Medulla oblongata
*Midbrain *Pons *Diencephalon |
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What are the major functions of the brainstem?
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*Pathway between cerebral cortex and spinal cord
*Controls many involuntary movements |
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What are the major functions of the 12 cranial nerves?
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*Motor
*Sensory *Parasympathetic |
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When does major brain growth and myelinization occur?
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In the first year of life
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What reflexes are normally present in the newborn?
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Primitive reflexes
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Brain growth continues until what age?
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12-15 years
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What hormonal changes take place in a pregnant woman with regards to the neurologic system?
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Hypothalamic-pituitary neurohormonal changes
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What are the common effects of the hypothalamic-pituitary neurohormonal changes in a pregnant woman?
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*Headaches
*Numbness/tingling of hands *No rest after sleep *Inability to sleep |
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List the common neurologic changes experienced by an older adult:
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*Changes are physiologic rather than anatomic
*Cerebral neurons decrease *Velocity of nerve impulse conduction declines |
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What takes place as a result of the decline in velocity of nerve impulse conduction in older adults?
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*Slowed response time
*Diminished touch/pain perception |
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What equipment will you use for a neurological assessment?
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*Penlight
*Tongue blades *Sterile needles *Tuning forks *Familiar objects *Cotton wisp *Monofilament *Reflex hammer *Vials of aromatic substances *Vials of solutions *Test tubes of hot/cold water *Denver II |