Neurobiology- Auditory And Practice Test Questions

Front 1

The _____ of sin waves is how much pressure is exerted on the eardrums.

Back 1

amplitude

Front 2

How many Db does it take to damage your eardrum?

Back 2

120 Db.

Front 3

What are the three little bones that vibrate the tympanic membrane?

Back 3

Malleus, incus, and stapes

Front 4

The ______ transduces sound energy into electrical signals and forwards them to the brain.

Back 4

cochlea

Front 5

What frequencies does the apex of the basilar membrane respond to? The base?

Back 5

apex-low frequencies; base-high frequencies.

Front 6

What is the inner ear receptor organ that surmounts the basilar membrane and contains a single row of inner hairs and 3 rows of outer hairs?

Back 6

Organ of corti

Front 7

Which hair cells are important for deconvulting frequencies or tones?

Back 7

inner hair cells.

Front 8

What causes hair cells to depolarize because they are filled with k+?

Back 8

endolymph

Front 9

What principle relates the location of hair cells along the cochlea to frequency? Frequency here is a function of location.

Back 9

Place principle

Front 10

Which principle says that frequency is a function of a characteristic frequency not its location?

Back 10

Frequency principle

Front 11

What is the amplification in the basilar membrane that may sound like a click called?

Back 11

otoacoustical emission

Front 12

What is it called when sound waves arrive in the left ear before the right, allowing you to know where the sound is coming from?

Back 12

interoral timing differences

Front 13

Explain how tugging on a hair cell can activate channels

Back 13

Channels are regulated by a molecular gate, whose opeing and closing is controlled by the tension in an elastic element, the gating spring, that senses hair bundle displacement.

Front 14

What somatic sensory receptor responds best to vibratory stimuli?

Back 14

Pacinian corpulses

Front 15

Second order neurons of the dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway receive connections from primary afferent neurons innervating the_____ side of the body. The ascending axons of the primary afferent fibers travel in the dorsal _____ matter.

Back 15

Ipsilateral; white

Front 16

The primary somatosensory cortex is localized to the..?

Back 16

post-central gyrus

Front 17

In general, primary afferent neuron axons of light touch receptors conduct action potentials more _______ than the axons of nociceptors.

Back 17

rapidly

Front 18

Which of the following classes of neurons form part of the outermost layer of neural elements in the retina (i.e. farthest from the lens)? horizontal cells, cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

Back 18

cones

Front 19

Transducin molecules in photoreceptors are an example of a. g-protein coupled receptors b. converted to the all-trans conformation by ligh
c. a vitamin A derivative d. GTP binding proteins (g-proteins)

Back 19

GTP binding proteins (g-proteins)

Front 20

Injection of cGMP molecules into a photoreceptor cell would be expected to cause the cell to _____.

Back 20

depolarize

Front 21

On center ganglion cells in the retina that are depolarized by light in the center of their receptive fields receive ____ input from on-center bipolar cells.

Back 21

excitatory

Front 22

The perceived loudness of a pure tone is in large part a function of the ____ of the sound pressure wave.

Back 22

amplitude

Front 23

The primary auditory cortex is localized within the ...

Back 23

superior temporal lobe

Front 24

How do the responses of slowly vs. rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors differ during a sustained duration mechanical stimulus.

Back 24

slowly adapting: respond at onset of stimulus and continue to respond for the duration of the stimulus
rapidly adapting: respond transiently at onset of stimulus and again at termination of stimulus.

Front 25

Define what a receptive field of a cold receptor primary afferent nerve fiber is

Back 25

a region of skin that responds to a cold stimulus

Front 26

Define dermatome

Back 26

the area of skin that is innervated by a single dorsal root

Front 27

Describe the biochemical events that cause membrane hyperpolarization when light strikes a rhodopsin molecule in a photoreceptor cell

Back 27

1) light activates rhodopsin 2) rhodopsin activates transducin 3) transducin activates cGMP phosphodiesterase 4) cGMP converted to 5' GMP 5) cGMP activated Na+ channel closes 6) cell hyperpolarizes

Front 28

Explain retinotopic organization of the primary visual cortex.

Back 28

The visual field is represented in the primary visual cortex as a precise point-to-point map that is inverted left to right and top to bottom. This map corresponds to the location of the photoreceptors in the retina. Cells in the fovea, corresponding to the center of the visual field, give rise to the largest area of representation in the cortex.