Neurobio Final

Front 1

Molecular Mechanism

Back 1

An explanation of how a molecular event happens including every molecule involved

Front 2

4 Classes of Macromolecules

Back 2

1.) Lipids - Fatty acid (S), phospholipid (P)

2.) Nucleic Acids

3.) Proteins - Amino acid (S), polypeptide (P)

4.) Carbohydrates - Monosaccharide (S), Polysaccharide

Front 3

General structure of an amino acid

Front 4

Afferent Neuron

Back 4

AWAY from the CNS

Front 5

Efferent Neuron

Back 5

ENTERING the CNS

Front 6

Inhibitory Interneuron

Back 6

Prevents the opposing muscle from contracting at the same time

Front 7

Gene

Back 7

Section of DNA that encode a functional gene product (ie CLOCK)

Front 8

Analog Input

Back 8

Graded inputs that are not "all or none"

Front 9

Digital Signal

Back 9

"All or none" input, such as an action potential

Front 10

Classical Genetics

Back 10

See a trait, find a gene. Example: Fruit fly study

Front 11

Reverse Genetics

Back 11

Mutate a gene, look for a trait. Example: Mouse study

Front 12

Saturation Mutagenesis

Back 12

Create a screen, and creation as many mutations as possible.

Front 13

Polygenic

Back 13

Many genes contribute to the trait

Front 14

Knock Out Gene

Back 14

Mutate or remove the gene so that it does not function in the organism

Front 15

Association Reaction

Back 15

A + B = AB

Front 16

Tripsin

Back 16

Protease to cleave proteins on cell surfaces = tripsin digest

Front 17

Heterozygous

Back 17

2 genes are different

Front 18

Homozygous

Back 18

2 genes are the same

Front 19

Knock In Gene

Back 19

Add in the gene

Front 20

Necessity

Back 20

Tested by REMOVING the agent from a system and show that the process holds

Front 21

Sufficiency

Back 21

Tested by ADDING the agent to a system that does no posses it and show that the process begins

Front 22

Dendritic Spines

Back 22

Increase the surface area available for connections with other cells, can move in search of a synapse

Front 23

Neuronal Plasticity

Back 23

The ability of neurons to remodel physically and therefore functionally

Front 24

3 Types of Cytoskeletal

Back 24

1.) Microtubules - traffic, dynamic

2.) Actin - traffic, dynamic

3.) Neurofilaments

Front 25

Active Transport

Back 25

Uses energy to transport something UP its gradient

Front 26

Passive Transport

Back 26

No energy used to transport something DOWN its gradient

Front 27

Symport

Back 27

Ions transported in the same direction

Front 28

Antiport

Back 28

Ions transported in different directions

Front 29

3 Types of Excitable Cells

Back 29

1.) Neurons

2.) Muscle Cells

3.) Egg Cells

Front 30

Patch Clamping

Back 30

Attach a needle to add ions and measure conductance across the membrane patch

Front 31

Average Human Protein Mass

Back 31

45 kDa

Front 32

Domain

Back 32

A region of 1 protein that shares a structural form or works to provide a function

Front 33

Conformation

Back 33

A stable tertiary or quaternary structure of a protein usually among multiple alternative conformations

Front 34

Voltage Gated Channels

Back 34

Respond to changes in the membrane potential

Front 35

Mechanical Gated Channels

Back 35

Channel is anchored to the actin cortex

Front 36

Ligand Gated Channels

Back 36

Ligand binds to the receptor and changes its conformation (a form of chemical gating)

Front 37

Influx

Back 37

Inward flow of ions

Front 38

Efflux

Back 38

Outward flow of ions

Front 39

Capacitance

Back 39

The tendency of something to maintain its charge

Front 40

Nernst Equation

Back 40

58/x(log10)(xout/xin)

Front 41

How many genes in the human genome?

Back 41

23,000

Front 42

How big is a sensory neuron body?

Back 42

10 microns across

Front 43

How thick are sensory axons?

Back 43

1 micron thick

Front 44

Pre/Post-Synaptic Density

Back 44

Areas in the cell filled with transmembrane proteins and cytoplasmic proteins docked to them

Front 45

Graded Potential

Back 45

Local-focused stimulus that produces a regional response