Neuroanatomy2 4-14

Front 1

Where is the primary motor cortex (M1) located?

Back 1

posterior aspect of frontal lobe (4)

Front 2

Where is the primary visual cortex (V1) located?

Back 2

most posterior aspect of occipital lobe

Front 3

What are the Brodman's Area designations for S1, M1, V1?

Back 3

S1: 3, 1, 2; M1: 4; V1: 17

Front 4

What is the role of Broca's area? where is it located?

Back 4

inferior frontal gyrus (44, 45); mediates motor speech (production)

Front 5

What is the role of Wernicke's area? Where is it located?

Back 5

superior temporal gyrus (22); mediates speech comprehension

Front 6

What is a consequence of a lesion in: Broca's area?

Back 6

motor (expressive, nonfluent) aphasia; BROca's BROken speech

Front 7

What is a consequence of a lesion in: Wernicke's area?

Back 7

sensory (fluent, receptive) aphasia; Wernicke is Wordy but makes no sense

Front 8

What is a consequence of a lesion in: Arcuate fasciculus?

Back 8

conduction aphasia: poor repetition w/ good comprehension and fluent speech

Front 9

What is a consequence of a lesion in: Amygdala?

Back 9

Kluver-Bucy syndrome: hyperorality, hypersexuality

Front 10

What is a consequence of a lesion in: Right parietal lobe?

Back 10

spatial neglect syndrome (contralateral)

Front 11

What is a consequence of a lesion in: Mammillary bodies?

Back 11

Wernicke-Korsakoff's encephalopathy: anterograde amnesia (think alcoholism)

Front 12

What is a consequence of a lesion in: Cerebellar vermis?

Back 12

Truncal ataxia and dysarthria

Front 13

What is a consequence of a lesion in: Cerebellar hemisphere?

Back 13

Limb ataxia and intention tremor

Front 14

What is a consequence of a lesion in: Reticular activating system?

Back 14

Coma

Front 15

Name five nerves and one vessel that pass through the cavernous sinus.

Back 15

CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI; internal carotid artery

Front 16

Name three structures passing through optic canal (one nerve, two vessels).

Back 16

CN II, ophthalmic artery, central retinal vein

Front 17

Name five structures passing through superior orbital fissure (four nerves, one vessel).

Back 17

CN III, IV, V1, VI; ophthalmic vein

Front 18

Name the foramina of exit for each division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V).

Back 18

Standing Room Only: V1 = Superior orbital fissure; V2 = foramen Rotundum; V3 = foramen Ovale

Front 19

Name four structures passing through the jugular foramen (three nerves, one vessel).

Back 19

CN IX, X, XI; jugular vein

Front 20

Name structures passing through foramen magnum.

Back 20

brain stem, vertebral arteries, spinal roots of CN XI

Front 21

Name two nerves passing through internal auditory meatus.

Back 21

CN VII, VIII

Front 22

Describe the innervation of the extraocular muscles.

Back 22

LR6SO4R3 : Lateral Rectus = CN VI, Superior Oblique = CN IV, and the Rest are CN III

Front 23

List in sequence the nerves, brain structures, and muscles involved in the pupillary light reflex from illumination of one eye to bilateral pupillary constriction.

Back 23

Light => retina => optic nerve => optic chiasm => optic tract => prectectal nuclei (synapse) => Edinger-Westphal nuclei (synapse) => oculomotor nerve => ciliary ganglion (synapse) => pupillary constrictor muscles

Front 24

What is the characteristic lesion in internuclear ophthalmoplegia?

Back 24

destruction of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) => medial rectus palsy on attempted lateral gaze

Front 25

Name three characteristic clinical features of internuclear ophthalmoplegia.

Back 25

1. On attempted lateral gaze, contralateral eye fails to abduct past midline; 2. Contralateral nystagmus on attempted lateral gaze; 3. Normal convergence

Front 26

What neurologic disease is commonly associated with internuclear ophthalmoplegia (aka MLF syndrome)?

Back 26

multiple sclerosis; think MLF = MS

Front 27

Name the visual field defect associated with a lesion of each of the following structures: Right optic nerve

Back 27

Right anopsia

Front 28

Name the visual field defect associated with a lesion of each of the following structures: Optic chiasm

Back 28

Bitemporal hemianopsia

Front 29

Name the visual field defect associated with a lesion of each of the following structures: Rigth optic tract

Back 29

Left homonymous hemianopsia

Front 30

Name the visual field defect associated with a lesion of each of the following structures: Right Meyer's loop (temporal lesion)

Back 30

Left upper quadrantic anopsia

Front 31

Name the visual field defect associated with a lesion of each of the following structures: Right Meyer's loop

Back 31

Left upper quadrantic anopsia

Front 32

Name the visual field defect associated with a lesion of each of the following structures: Right dorsal optic radiation

Back 32

Left lower quadrantic anopsia

Front 33

Classify each cranial nerve (1-12) according to its function as a sensory nerve, a motor nerve, or both.

Back 33

Mnemonic: Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter Most

Front 34

Name the cranial nerves that innervate the eye muscles.

Back 34

Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), and Abducens (VI)

Front 35

Name the cranial nerves that innervate the facial muscles (extraocular muscles excluded).

Back 35

Trigeminal (V): mastication; Facial (VII): facial movement

Front 36

Name the cranial nerves associated with sight, smell, hearing, and taste.

Back 36

sight: optic (II); smell: olfactory (I); hearing: vestibulocochlear (VIII); taste: facial (VII) for ant. 2/3 of tongue and glossopharyngeal (IX) for post 1/3

Front 37

Which cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?

Back 37

III, IV, V1, VI

Front 38

Which cranial nerves pass through the internal auditory meatus?

Back 38

VII, VIII

Front 39

Which cranial nerves pass through the jugular foramen?

Back 39

IX, X, XI

Front 40

Which cranial nerves exit the brainstem caudal to the pons?

Back 40

Cranial nerves IX (VIII at jnx) through XII

Front 41

Which cranial nerves exit the brainstem rostral to the pons?

Back 41

Cranial nerves I through IV

Front 42

Which cranial nerves are associated with the cerebellopontine angle?

Back 42

CN VII, VIII, and IX

Front 43

What is the main location of CSF return via the arachnoid granulations?

Back 43

superior sagittal sinus

Front 44

Describe the route of CSF from the superior sagittal sinus to the internal jugular vein.

Back 44

superior sagittal sinus => confluence of sinuses => transverse sinus => sigmoid sinus => internal jugular vein (via jugular foramen)

Front 45

Which three sinuses combine to form the confluence of sinuses?

Back 45

superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, occipital sinus

Front 46

Homunculus is the topographical representation of the body that exists in what 2 areas of the cerebral cortex?

Back 46

Sensory and Motor areas

Front 47

Sensation for ____(What part of the body) is generally located superior medially on the primary sensory cortex while ____ is located more laterally

Back 47

Lower limbs, Head and neck

Front 48

Lesion at the anterior cerebral artery will canse deficit in sensation or movement in which part of the body?

Back 48

Lower limbs

Front 49

Which artery supplies the medial surface of the brain, leg-foot area of motor and sensory cortices?

Back 49

Anterior cerebral artery

Front 50

If you suspect a lesion in both Broca's and Wernecke's areas, a lesion in which artery could be the cause?

Back 50

Middle cerebral artery