Neuroanatomy: Ventrolateral System 1 And 2

Front 1

Ventrolateral system with 3 parts

Back 1

pain (1st pain, 2nd pain), temperature, and crude touch

Front 2

Dysesthesia

Back 2

abnormal response to a somatic stimulus; unpleasantness

Front 3

Paresthesia

Back 3

sponatneous sensation,

Front 4

Algesia

Back 4

painful sensation

Front 5

Analgesia

Back 5

absence of pain

Front 6

Hypalgesia

Back 6

reduction in painful response to a painful stimulus

Front 7

Hyperalgesia

Back 7

increased painful response to a painful stimulus

Front 8

Allodynia

Back 8

painful response to a normally innocuous stimulus

Front 9

Sensory receptors for ventrolateral system

Back 9

mechanoreceptors, bare nerve endings

Front 10

nociceptors (bare nerve endings not associated with nonneural specialization)
high threshold mechanoreceptor

Back 10

part of A delta axon and signals first pain

Front 11

Polymodal nociceptor

Back 11

responds to several modalities of intense stimuli (mechanical, heat, and irritant chemical) , associated with C sensory neurons and signal second pain

respond to protons (acid), algesic substances released during intense stimulation like bradykinin, histamine, prostaglandins and 5HT

Front 12

polymodal nociceptor originally called

Back 12

capsaicin receptor because it responded to capsaicin in chili peppers that induces sensation of heat, ion channel that allows Ca2+ to enter

Front 13

Capsaicin receptors respond directly to

Back 13

heat, protons, and capsaicin of chili peppers

Front 14

capsaicin receptors respond indirectly to

Back 14

G proteins, algesic substances like bradykinin and prostaglandins

Front 15

new name for capsaicin receptor

Back 15

TRPV1 which are part of TRP family (transient receptor potential protein)

Front 16

fast pain and thermal sense is conducted via

Back 16

small myelinated axons; A delta fibers

Front 17

slow pain and some thermal sense is conducted via

Back 17

unmyelinated C axons

Front 18

Fast pain pathway

Back 18

from spinal cord to thalamus --> ventroposterolateral nucleus = neospinothalamic pathway

from thalamus to cortex --> post central gyrus

allows us to localize and discriminate painful stimuli

Front 19

Slow pain pathway

Back 19

from spinal cord to thalamus --> intralaminar nuclei in the thalamus = paleospinothalamic pathway

from thalamus to cortex --> cortical areas activated : ss1, ss2, anterior cingulate gyrus, and insular cortex

Front 20

spinoreticular pathway: 3 components with 3 functions

Back 20

activates descending pain control pathway (periaqueductal gray of midbrain); to produce arousal of cortex areas (reticular activating system); to provide back up activation of nociceptive areas of thalamus

Front 21

opiods and opioid receptors are concentrated in the

Back 21

periaqueductal gray and dorsal horn