Neuroanatomy Test

Front 1

Functional puripotentiality

(current stance)

Back 1

The brain can do lots of things, but does this in ‘networks’

Front 2

Disconnection syndrome

Back 2

Have not damaged the part of the brain we want, but the connection center for that function

Front 3

1. Primary:

2. Secondary

3. Tertiary

Back 3

1. Areas that receive information

2.Organizes/organizes primary info, brings to tertiary

3. receives processed information from secondary areas and makes associations

Front 4

Caudal (inferior)

Back 4

down toward the tail bone

Front 5

Rostral (Anterior)

Back 5

toward the nose

Front 6

Ventral (anterior)

Back 6

toward the stomach

Front 7

Dorsal (posterior)/(superior)-

Back 7

toward the back

Front 8

Lateral

Back 8

Away from the center

Front 9

Medial (aka mesial)

Back 9

Something toward the midline

Front 10

Coronal

Back 10

Front 11

Horizontal

Back 11

Front 12

sagittal

Back 12

Front 13

Hindbrain

Back 13

Myelencephalon + Metencephalon

Front 14

Myelencephalon

Back 14

Medula Oblongata

Reticular Formation

Cranial Nerves

Front 15

Medula Oblongata

Back 15

Point where fibers from periphery come up:
Respiration
Blood pressure
Vomiting
Swallowing
Muscular reflexes
muscle tone

Front 16

Reticular Formation

Back 16

Attentional system:
Projects to thalamus which then projects to higher regions
Damage = coma

Front 17

Cranial Nerves

Back 17

Nerves that control the face

Front 18

Metencephalon

Back 18

Pons, Cerebellum

Front 19

Pons

Back 19

place where peripheral nerve fibers come up

Front 20

Cerebellum

Back 20

Coordination, movement, balance, (areas of cognition as well)

Front 21

Midbrain

Back 21

Mesencephalon

Front 22

Mesencephalon

Back 22

Tectum + Tegmentum

Front 23

Tectum

Back 23

Superior colliculi (vision+motor coordination)

Inferior Colliculi (Sound and motor bx)

Front 24

Tegmentum

Back 24

Periaqueductal grey (produce endogenous opiates)

Substantia nigra (produces dopamine (destruction = parkinsons))

Red Nucleus

Front 25

Forebrain

Back 25

Diencephalon (di meaning two – thalamus and hypothalamus )

Telencephalon

Front 26

Diencephalon

Back 26

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Front 27

Thalamus

Back 27

Large structure under corpus collosum
Relay center for sensory information (except smell)


c. Phelamic peduncles (thalamic radiation) – projections from thalamus
e. Consciousness first emerges. Sleep-wake cycles. And alertness.
f. If there is damage, patient might be awake but not exactly present
g. Problems: schizophrenia, paying attention to very arbitrary garbage of the environment.
2. Thalamus is made of distinct nuclei
a. Different parts project to different parts of the brain. The Dorsal medial projects to the frontal lobes, receives most info from here. Problems here is a disconnection syndrome

Front 28

Parts of the Thalmus

Back 28

Inter-thalamic adhesion: Connects the thalami
Phelamic peduncles(thalamic radiation): – projections from thalamus

Front 29

Diencephalon

Back 29

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Front 30

Thalamus

Back 30

Large structure under corpus collosum
Relay center for sensory information (except smell)


c. Phelamic peduncles (thalamic radiation) – projections from thalamus
e. Consciousness first emerges. Sleep-wake cycles. And alertness.
f. If there is damage, patient might be awake but not exactly present
g. Problems: schizophrenia, paying attention to very arbitrary garbage of the environment.
2. Thalamus is made of distinct nuclei
a. Different parts project to different parts of the brain. The Dorsal medial projects to the frontal lobes, receives most info from here. Problems here is a disconnection syndrome

Front 31

Parts of the Thalmus

Back 31

Inter-thalamic adhesion: Connects the thalami
Phelamic peduncles(thalamic radiation): – projections from thalamus

Front 32

Diencephalon

Back 32

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Front 33

Thalamus

Back 33

Large structure under corpus collosum
Relay center for sensory information (except smell)


c. Phelamic peduncles (thalamic radiation) – projections from thalamus
e. Consciousness first emerges. Sleep-wake cycles. And alertness.
f. If there is damage, patient might be awake but not exactly present
g. Problems: schizophrenia, paying attention to very arbitrary garbage of the environment.
2. Thalamus is made of distinct nuclei
a. Different parts project to different parts of the brain. The Dorsal medial projects to the frontal lobes, receives most info from here. Problems here is a disconnection syndrome

Front 34

Parts of the Thalmus

Back 34

Inter-thalamic adhesion: Connects the thalami
Phelamic peduncles(thalamic radiation): – projections from thalamus

Front 35

Glia

Back 35

Astrocytes: provide scaffolding. Mesh or web of astrocytes that neurons sit on. This mesh provides the pathways from neuronal migration during development.

Oligodendrocytes: Produces mylon

Microglia: Try and kill things that get into the brain

Front 36

Hypothalamus

Back 36

1. Also made of distinct nuclei, and must smaller.
2. Optic chasm is right around here
3. Pititary gland (snot gland) Does not actually sit inside the cranium – Hypophesis is the stalk that comes out of the hypothalamus that the pituitary gland sits upon
4. If you lesion
a. lateral hypothalamus (makes animal eat) – animal starves to death. Also a reward center. Stops firing when animal starts to become full
b. ventral medial hypothalamus (says stop eating)– animals eats till it dies

Front 37

Telencephalon

Back 37

Cortical tissues that is connected to other white matter tracts

Front 38

Lateral fissure (sylvian)

Back 38

underneath is temporal lobe

Front 39

Central Fissure (Rolando)

Back 39

sort of perpendicular to the sylvian

Front 40

Corpus collosum

Back 40

band of fibers that connects one side of the brain to the other –
a. Above the corpus collosum is a gyrus called the Cingulate gyrus

Front 41

Commissure

Back 41

Part of the brain that connects one side to the other